Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being applied in education, showing significant potential in personalized instruction, student feedback, and intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs).
Approach: They propose a dataset specifically designed to evaluate LLMs’ ability to generate high-quality hints for Math Word Problems.
Outcome: The proposed dataset shows that LLMs can generate more accurate and contextually appropriate educational hints for math word problems without offering direct answers.

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HighMATH: Evaluating Math Reasoning of Large Language Models in Breadth and Depth (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: a gap in math models' accuracy has been widened with the development of large language models (LLMs) . a new study aims to bridge this gap by evaluating a set of high-level math reasoning models .
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Rationales for Answers to Simple Math Word Problems Confuse Large Language Models (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent studies show that large language models have advanced mathematical problem-solving abilities in grade school math word problems.
Approach: They propose to combine fine-tuning and prompt-based methods to improve performance . they propose to use a hybrid algorithm to fine- tune LLMs on specific tasks .
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ConceptMath: A Bilingual Concept-wise Benchmark for Measuring Mathematical Reasoning of Large Language Models (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: ConceptMath evaluates concept-wise mathematical reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs) Existing benchmarks that evaluate general mathematical reasoning with an average accuracy fail to probe the fine-grained failure modes of mathematical reasoning on specific datasets.
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It Ain’t Over: A Multi-aspect Diverse Math Word Problem Dataset (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies lack diversity in problem types, lexical usage patterns, languages, and intermediate solution forms for the math word problem.
Approach: They propose a new MWP dataset with a wide range of diversity in problem types, lexical usage patterns, languages, and intermediate solutions.
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EDUMATH: Generating Standards-aligned Educational Math Word Problems (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Math word problems (MWPs) are critical elements of K-12 math education and can be customized to students' interests and ability levels.
Approach: They propose that LLMs can generate MWPs customized to student interests and math education standards by using an open and closed LLM to evaluate over 11,000 MWps and develop a teacher-annotated dataset for standards-aligned educational MWPS generation.
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Three Questions Concerning the Use of Large Language Models to Facilitate Mathematics Learning (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: After the pandemic, e-learning has become part of mainstream education.
Approach: They propose to integrate large language models (LLMs) into educational settings to enhance students' mathematical problem-solving skills by providing adaptive feedback.
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Large Language Models for Mathematical Reasoning: Progresses and Challenges (2024.eacl-srw)

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Challenge: a survey examines the landscape of mathematical problem-solving techniques . large language models have proven to be potent assets in unraveling nuances of mathematical reasoning .
Approach: They examine the evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving mathematical problems . they examine the spectrum of LLM-oriented techniques proposed for solving math problems - and their challenges .
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Let GPT be a Math Tutor: Teaching Math Word Problem Solvers with Customized Exercise Generation (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches for distilling large language models into smaller, more efficient student models are based on educational science principles such as knowledge tracing and personalized learning.
Approach: They propose a method for distilling large language models into smaller, more efficient student models that are aligned with educational science principles such as knowledge tracing and personalized learning.
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PyraMathBench: Evaluating and Improving Mathematical Capability in Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Numerical reasoning is ubiquitous in scientific research and financial analysis, but few benchmarks evaluate them by integrating numerical processing and mathematical reasoning.
Approach: They propose a numerically-integrated hierarchical benchmark with 27,215 questions derived from 7,404 math word problems that spans 4 key cognitive aspects, 14 subcategories, and 2 modalities.
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What Makes Math Word Problems Challenging for LLMs? (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Experiments show that even quite powerful LLMs are still challenged by MWPs.
Approach: They propose to analyze what makes math word problems (MWPs) in English challenging for large language models (LLMs).
Outcome: The proposed model can handle a range of core NLP tasks, but it has emergent abilities, such as ability to solve mathematical puzzles.

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