Challenge: Existing approaches allocate an equal number of rollouts to all questions during the RL process, which is inefficient.
Approach: They propose a mechanism for dynamically allocating rollout budgets based on the difficulty of the problems, enabling more efficient RL training.
Outcome: The proposed model improves response precision while preserving exploratory ability to uncover potential correct pathways.

Similar Papers

A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models under Data Scarcity: Challenges and Solutions (2026.acl-long)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Existing research on reinforcement learning for LLMs under data scarcity has not been unified.
Approach: They propose a top-up hierarchical framework built around three complementary perspectives: data-centric, training-centric and framework-centric.
Outcome: The proposed framework provides a clear conceptual foundation for understanding the design space of data-efficient RL for large language models and to guide researchers working in this emerging area.
Targeted Exploration via Unified Entropy Control for Reinforcement Learning (2026.findings-acl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Existing methods for group relative policy optimization suffer from entropy collapse . Existing exploration methods introduce additional bias or variance during exploration, making it difficult to maintain stability.
Approach: They propose a framework that provides targeted mechanisms for exploration and stabilization.
Outcome: The proposed framework expands search space on difficult prompts while preventing entropy growth uncontrollably.
Improving the Language Understanding Capabilities of Large Language Models Using Reinforcement Learning (2025.findings-emnlp)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Instruction-fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) under 14B parameters underperform on NLU tasks . we explore a framework to improve the NLU capabilities of LLMs .
Approach: They propose to use Proximal Policy Optimization to improve NLU capabilities . they frame NLU as a reinforcement learning environment and optimize for reward signals .
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms supervised fine-tuning on GLUE and superGLUE tasks.
Reinforcement Learning for Aligning Large Language Models Agents with Interactive Environments: Quantifying and Mitigating Prompt Overfitting (2025.findings-naacl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for aligning large language models knowledge with sequential decision-making tasks.
Approach: They propose to use a contrastive loss framework to analyze the sensitivity of LLMs to prompt formulations following RL training in a textual environment.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves the model's robustness and generalization capabilities by minimizing the model’s internal representations and salient tokens.
Revisiting Entropy Regularization: Adaptive Coefficient Unlocks Its Potential for LLM Reinforcement Learning (2026.findings-acl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Reasoning ability is a defining capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), but RLVR training suffers from policy entropy collapse, hindering exploration and limiting reasoning performance.
Approach: They propose a framework that dynamically balances exploration and exploitation via three components: difficulty-aware coefficient allocation, initial-anchored target entropy, and dynamic global coefficient adjustment.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines on multiple mathematical reasoning benchmarks.
Entropy Scheduling in Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: entropy in reinforcement learning functions analogously to the learning rate in LLMs.
Approach: They propose an entropy scheduling system that optimizes different pre-set goals by controlling and scheduling entropicy at each step of the RL process.
Outcome: The proposed method improves AIME2024 from 50.9 to 54.9 within 40 training steps.
Inverse Reinforcement Learning Meets Large Language Model Alignment (2025.acl-tutorials)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: This tutorial will provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in LLM alignment . it will highlight the necessity of constructing neural reward models from human data .
Approach: This tutorial will provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in LLM alignment through the lens of inverse reinforcement learning.
Outcome: This tutorial will provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in LLM alignment through the lens of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL).
Memory-R1: Enhancing Large Language Model Agents to Manage and Utilize Memories via Reinforcement Learning (2026.acl-long)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) are stateless and limited by a finite context window, preventing them from maintaining knowledge across long conversations or evolving tasks.
Approach: They propose a reinforcement learning framework that empowers LLMs to actively manage external memory through two specialized agents.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines and benchmarks across diverse question types, three benchmarks, and multiple model scales.
Beyond High-Entropy Exploration: Correctness-Aware Low-Entropy Segment-Based Advantage Shaping for Reasoning LLMs (2026.findings-acl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Recent work studies RLVR through token entropy, arguing that high-entropies drive exploration and should receive stronger updates.
Approach: They propose a correctness-aware reinforcement framework that performs fine-grained advantage modulation over low-entropy segments.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves accuracy over strong RL baselines across three backbones and six math benchmarks while maintaining high-entropy exploration.
Revisiting Entropy in Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Models (2026.findings-acl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models.
Approach: They propose a positive-advantage reweighting approach that regulates model entropy by adjusting the loss weights assigned to tokens with positive advantages during RLVR training.
Outcome: The proposed approach regulates model entropy by adjusting loss weights assigned to tokens with positive advantages during RLVR training while maintaining competitive performance.

What is GenGO?

GenGO is an NLP powered publication search system. It currenctly indexes 30k+ papers from ACL Anthology, and implements multi-aspect summarization, semantic search, and more!

Information

About
Limitations