Challenge: Existing evaluation benchmarks for Large Language Models focus on objective tasks like mathematics and coding in English, which do not reflect the practical use cases of on-device LLMs in real-world mobile scenarios.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate the capabilities of on-device Large Language Models in Chinese mobile contexts.
Outcome: The proposed framework evaluates on-device LLMs and MLLMs in Chinese . it provides a standardized framework for evaluating LLM performance on real smartphones .

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Challenge: Existing state-of-the-art LLMs cannot perform well in situations where instructions are invalid or multiple devices are involved.
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TRUEBench: Can LLM Response Meet Real-world Constraints as Productivity Assistant? (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks fail to evaluate large language models' instruction-following capabilities . current benchmarks lack multilinguality, implicit constraints and multi-turn dialogue .
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AlignBench: Benchmarking Chinese Alignment of Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Effective evaluation of alignment for emerging Chinese LLMs is still significantly lacking, calling for real-scenario grounded, open-ended, challenging and automatic evaluations tailored for alignment.
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Challenge: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled real-time speech interactions through LLMs.
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Challenge: Recent advances in large language models have showcased significant improvements in mathematics, but traditional benchmarks like GSM8k offer a unidimensional perspective.
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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs’ tool usage face several limitations: limited evaluation scenarios, lacking assessments in real multi-turn dialogue contexts; narrow evaluation dimensions, with insufficient detailed assessments of how LLM use tools; and reliance on LLM or real API executions for evaluation, which introduces significant overhead.
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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming powerful agentic systems . generic benchmarks fail to assess realistic, non-English performance .
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MobileBench-OL: A Comprehensive Chinese Benchmark for Evaluating Mobile GUI Agents in Real-World Environment (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents highlight the growing need for comprehensive evaluation benchmarks.
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