Challenge: Low-resource languages such as African ones are underrepresented in large language models limiting their performance in these languages.
Approach: They propose a chatbot generation engine based on the Rasa framework and a method for projecting annotations onto the Wolof language using an in-house machine translation system.
Outcome: The proposed approach performs similarly to the one obtained for French, which is a resource-rich language.

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Challenge: Statistical conversational systems are complex, timeintensive, expensive, and not easily transferable due to data scarcity.
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Rethinking Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems: From Complex Modularity to Zero-Shot Autonomous Agent (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Task-oriented dialogue systems are designed to be composed of several functional modules, but lacks a general-purpose instruction-following language model.
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Natural Language Processing for Multilingual Task-Oriented Dialogue (2022.acl-tutorials)

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Challenge: a tutorial will examine the challenges and gaps in multilingual ToD research . multilingual systems are difficult to build, and are limited to English and other languages .
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CHAI: A CHatbot AI for Task-Oriented Dialogue with Offline Reinforcement Learning (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to training dialogue agents are supervised learning, but this is prohibitively expensive and time-consuming.
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To Chat or Task: a Multi-turn Dialogue Generation Framework for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems (2025.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are designed to handle complex task requests, but lack of specific datasets for training and evaluation of such systems .
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SalesBot: Transitioning from Chit-Chat to Task-Oriented Dialogues (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Until now, researchers have separated open-domain and task-oriented dialogues into two different types due to their different purposes.
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Adaptive Natural Language Generation for Task-oriented Dialogue via Reinforcement Learning (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: In task-oriented dialogue systems, the role of the natural language generation component is to convert a system's intentions, called dialogue acts (DAs), into natural language utterances and to convey DAs accurately to users.
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Challenge: Task-oriented dialog (TOD) is one of the central objectives, hallmarks, and applications of machine intelligence.
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Can a Single Model Master Both Multi-turn Conversations and Tool Use? CoALM: A Unified Conversational Agentic Language Model (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) with API-calling capabilities enabled building effective Language Agents (LA) current approaches excel in one domain but underperform in the other.
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TOD-Flow: Modeling the Structure of Task-Oriented Dialogues (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in task-oriented dialogue systems have limitations regarding transparency and controllability.
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