Challenge: Unsupervised machine translation models are limited by the run-time of autoregressive inference during back-translation and lack of synthetic data efficiency.
Approach: They propose a two-for-one improvement to Transformer back-translation: Quick Back-Translation (QBT). QBT re-purposes the encoder as a generative model, and uses encoder-generated sequences to train the decoder.
Outcome: Experiments on various WMT benchmarks show that QBT dramatically outperforms standard back-translation only method in terms of training efficiency for comparable translation qualities.

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Challenge: Recent developments of multilingual pre-trained sequence-to-sequence models for programming languages have been effective for a broad spectrum of downstream software engineering tasks.
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Tagged Back-translation Revisited: Why Does It Really Work? (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: In this paper, we show that neural machine translation systems trained on large back-translated data overfit some of the characteristics of machine-transcribed texts.
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Challenge: Using a dictionary, given a rough, target language natives can uncover the latent, fully-fluent rendering of the translation.
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A Retrieve-and-Rewrite Initialization Method for Unsupervised Machine Translation (2020.acl-main)

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