Challenge: sarcasm generation research focused on creating more human-like interactions . previous research focused only on how to generate text that people perceive as sarkastic .
Approach: They propose a theory-driven framework for generating sarcastic responses that allows us to control linguistic devices included during generation.
Outcome: The proposed framework allows us to control the linguistic devices included during generation.

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Chandler: An Explainable Sarcastic Response Generator (2021.emnlp-demo)

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Challenge: sarcasm generators assume intended meaning is opposite of literal meaning . sarcastically generated responses are more specific and coherent to input .
Approach: They propose a system that generates sarcastic responses to a given utterance . they ground their generation process on a formal theory that unambiguously differentiates .
Outcome: The proposed system generates sarcastic responses to a given utterance.
Rˆ3: Reverse, Retrieve, and Rank for Sarcasm Generation with Commonsense Knowledge (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on sarcasm generation focuses on context incongruity, but new work addresses this problem .
Approach: They propose an unsupervised approach for sarcasm generation based on a non-sarcastic input sentence.
Outcome: The proposed method generates sarcasm better than humans 34% of the time and better than a reinforced hybrid baseline 90% of the times.
“When Words Fail, Emojis Prevail”: A Novel Architecture for Generating Sarcastic Sentences With Emoji Using Valence Reversal and Semantic Incongruity (2023.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing sarcasm generation tasks focus on textual sarcasm, but people often use emojis to express their emotions.
Approach: They propose a novel architecture for sarcasm generation with emojis from a non-sarcastic input sentence in English.
Outcome: The proposed architecture generates sarcastic outputs with emojis from a non-sarcastic input sentence in english.
Sarcasm-R1: Enhancing Sarcasm Detection through Focused Reasoning (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for sarcasm detection are limited by supervised learning or prompt engineering . a new approach decomposes sarcasm detection into three dimensions: language, context, and emotion .
Approach: They propose a method that decomposes sarcasm detection into three dimensions: language, context, and emotion.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in most cases.
Multi-modal Sarcasm Generation: Dataset and Solution (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing studies on sarcasm generation do not consider generating sarcasastic descriptions for a given image with hashtags that provide the sarkastic target.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal Sarcasm generation task that generates sarcastic descriptions like humans using images, hashtags, and OCR tokens.
Outcome: The proposed method can generate sarcastic descriptions like humans using 5000 images and Twitter text.
A Survey of Pun Generation: Datasets, Evaluations and Methodologies (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Pun generation aims to modify linguistic elements in text to produce humour or evoke double meanings.
Approach: They propose to review pun generation datasets and methods across different stages . pun generation aims to produce humour or evoke double meanings .
Outcome: This paper summarises both automated and human evaluation metrics used to assess the quality of pun generation.
A Modular Architecture for Unsupervised Sarcasm Generation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing systems for sarcasm generation are elusive due to the fact that both selection of contents and training of sarcasm are based on the same data.
Approach: They propose a framework that takes a literal negative opinion as input and translates it into a sarcastic version.
Outcome: The proposed system outperforms baselines built using known unsupervised statistical and neural machine translation and style transfer techniques.
I’m sure you’re a real scholar yourself: Exploring Ironic Content Generation by Large Language Models (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Moreover, irony is highly subjective and can depend on various factors, such as social, cultural, or generational aspects.
Approach: They propose to fine-tune two large language models to generate ironic and non-ironic content and analyze their outputs from a linguistic perspective.
Outcome: The proposed models generate ironic and non-ironic responses to a given social media post and analyze their outputs from a linguistic perspective.
When did you become so smart, oh wise one?! Sarcasm Explanation in Multi-modal Multi-party Dialogues (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Indirect speech achieves a constellation of discourse goals in human communication, but it is challenging for AI agents to comprehend such idiosyncrasies.
Approach: They propose a task to generate natural language explanations of satirical conversations using a multimodal and code-mixed dataset to capture multimodality.
Outcome: The proposed task generates natural language explanations of satirical conversations in a multimodal and code-mixed setting and surpasses baselines on almost all metrics.
Representing Social Media Users for Sarcasm Detection (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing annotated corpus of Reddit comments is limited by available annotation methods.
Approach: They propose a Bayesian approach that directly represents authors’ propensities to be sarcastic and a dense embedding approach that can learn interactions between the author and the text.
Outcome: The proposed approach performs better in homogeneous contexts, whereas the dense embeddings prove valuable in more diverse contexts.

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