Challenge: Existing work on sarcasm generation focuses on context incongruity, but new work addresses this problem .
Approach: They propose an unsupervised approach for sarcasm generation based on a non-sarcastic input sentence.
Outcome: The proposed method generates sarcasm better than humans 34% of the time and better than a reinforced hybrid baseline 90% of the times.

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A Modular Architecture for Unsupervised Sarcasm Generation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing systems for sarcasm generation are elusive due to the fact that both selection of contents and training of sarcasm are based on the same data.
Approach: They propose a framework that takes a literal negative opinion as input and translates it into a sarcastic version.
Outcome: The proposed system outperforms baselines built using known unsupervised statistical and neural machine translation and style transfer techniques.
“When Words Fail, Emojis Prevail”: A Novel Architecture for Generating Sarcastic Sentences With Emoji Using Valence Reversal and Semantic Incongruity (2023.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing sarcasm generation tasks focus on textual sarcasm, but people often use emojis to express their emotions.
Approach: They propose a novel architecture for sarcasm generation with emojis from a non-sarcastic input sentence in English.
Outcome: The proposed architecture generates sarcastic outputs with emojis from a non-sarcastic input sentence in english.
Detecting Emotional Incongruity of Sarcasm by Commonsense Reasoning (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for sarcasm detection lack commonsense inferential ability when faced with complex situations.
Approach: They propose a commonsense reasoning framework for sarcasm detection based on commonsensense augmentation to supplement commonsence knowledge and infer the incongruity.
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Should a Chatbot be Sarcastic? Understanding User Preferences Towards Sarcasm Generation (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: sarcasm generation research focused on creating more human-like interactions . previous research focused only on how to generate text that people perceive as sarkastic .
Approach: They propose a theory-driven framework for generating sarcastic responses that allows us to control linguistic devices included during generation.
Outcome: The proposed framework allows us to control the linguistic devices included during generation.
Chandler: An Explainable Sarcastic Response Generator (2021.emnlp-demo)

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Challenge: sarcasm generators assume intended meaning is opposite of literal meaning . sarcastically generated responses are more specific and coherent to input .
Approach: They propose a system that generates sarcastic responses to a given utterance . they ground their generation process on a formal theory that unambiguously differentiates .
Outcome: The proposed system generates sarcastic responses to a given utterance.
Sarcasm-R1: Enhancing Sarcasm Detection through Focused Reasoning (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for sarcasm detection are limited by supervised learning or prompt engineering . a new approach decomposes sarcasm detection into three dimensions: language, context, and emotion .
Approach: They propose a method that decomposes sarcasm detection into three dimensions: language, context, and emotion.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in most cases.
CASCADE: Contextual Sarcasm Detection in Online Discussion Forums (C18-1)

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Challenge: Existing studies on sarcasm detection focus on lexical, syntactic and semantic cues, but sarcasm can be expressed implicitly without such cue.
Approach: They propose a ContextuAl SarCasm DEtector which extracts contextual information from the discourse of a discussion thread.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on a large Reddit corpus.
The Design and Construction of a Chinese Sarcasm Dataset (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing sarcasm datasets are limited to English and Chinese . sarcasm is a multi-layered semi-conscious language phenomenon .
Approach: They propose to build a high-quality Chinese sarcasm dataset using user comments . they use manual annotated sarkastic texts and non-sarcastic texts to train sarcasm classifier .
Outcome: The proposed dataset contains 2,486 manual annotated sarcastic texts and 89,296 non-sarcatic texts.
When did you become so smart, oh wise one?! Sarcasm Explanation in Multi-modal Multi-party Dialogues (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Indirect speech achieves a constellation of discourse goals in human communication, but it is challenging for AI agents to comprehend such idiosyncrasies.
Approach: They propose a task to generate natural language explanations of satirical conversations using a multimodal and code-mixed dataset to capture multimodality.
Outcome: The proposed task generates natural language explanations of satirical conversations in a multimodal and code-mixed setting and surpasses baselines on almost all metrics.
Sarcasm Detection is Way Too Easy! An Empirical Comparison of Human and Machine Sarcasm Detection (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: sarcasm detection datasets focus on intended, rather than perceived sarcasm, but there is no comparison between human and machine performance.
Approach: They collect author-annotated sarcasm datasets that focus on intended, rather than perceived sarcasticism . they compare human-level benchmarks to that of state-of-the-art sarkasmatic detection systems .
Outcome: The proposed datasets compare human and machine performance on sarcastic tasks in English and Arabic.

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