Challenge: Speech synthesis is the task of generating speech waveforms with desired characteristics, including but not limited to textual content, speaker identity, and speaking styles.
Approach: They propose a fairseq extension for speech synthesis that implements autoregressive and non-AR text-to-speech models and their multi-speaker variants.
Outcome: The proposed extension can train autoregressive and non-AR models and their multi-speaker variants with less curated data and has automatic metrics to facilitate faster iteration and analysis.

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Fairseq S2T: Fast Speech-to-Text Modeling with Fairseq (2020.aacl-demo)

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Challenge: End-to-end sequence-to sequence (S2S) modeling has witnessed rapid growth in speech-totext (ST) tasks.
Approach: They introduce fairseq S2T, a fairsq extension for speech-to-text modeling tasks such as end-to end speech recognition and speech-text translation.
Outcome: The proposed extension provides end-to-end workflows from data pre-processing, model training to offline (online) inference.
fairseq: A Fast, Extensible Toolkit for Sequence Modeling (N19-4)

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Challenge: OpenNMT is a community-built toolkit written in multiple languages with an emphasis on extensibility.
Approach: They propose to use PyTorch to train custom sequence models for translation, summarization, language modeling, and other tasks.
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Tutorial: End-to-End Speech Translation (2021.eacl-tutorials)

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Challenge: Speech translation is the translation of speech in one language typically to text in another, traditionally accomplished through a combination of automatic speech recognition and machine translation.
Approach: This tutorial introduces the techniques used in cutting-edge research on speech translation.
Outcome: The proposed models achieve state-of-the-art performance with end-to-end speech translation for both high- and low-resource languages.
GPT-SW3: An Autoregressive Language Model for the Scandinavian Languages (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: a growing interest in building and applying large language models for languages other than English is fueling interest in developing LLMs for smaller languages.
Approach: They describe the development process for the first native large generative language model for the North Germanic languages, GPT-SW3.
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Towards Autonomous Tool Utilization in Language Models: A Unified, Efficient and Scalable Framework (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in tool learning for large language models have led to a new trend to allow LLMs to leverage external tools.
Approach: They propose a framework for fine-tuning language models that categorizes queries into three different types . they also introduce an "instruct, execute, and reformat" strategy specifically designed for efficient data annotation .
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SpeechLLM-as-Judges: Towards General and Interpretable Speech Quality Evaluation (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for evaluating the perceptual quality of synthetic speech are limited due to the complexity of perceptual quality factors and the diversity of speech generation tasks.
Approach: They propose a new paradigm for enabling large language models to conduct structured speech quality evaluation using a large-scale dataset.
Outcome: The proposed model performs well across tasks and languages.
VoiceCraft-X: Unifying Multilingual, Voice-Cloning Speech Synthesis and Speech Editing (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Autoregressive language model for multilingual speech editing and zero-shot text-to-speech synthesis is available in 11 languages.
Approach: They introduce an autoregressive neural codec language model which unifies multilingual speech editing and zero-shot text-to-speech synthesis across 11 languages.
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Autoregressive Speech Synthesis without Vector Quantization (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: MELLE is a novel language modeling approach for text-to-speech synthesis that generates continuous tokens from text . authors demonstrate that it reduces the need for vector quantization and improves model robustness .
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Generative Pre-trained Speech Language Model with Efficient Hierarchical Transformer (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Experimental results indicate that GPST significantly outperforms the existing speech language models in terms of word error rate, speech quality, and speaker similarity.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical transformer that quantizes audio waveforms into two distinct types of discrete speech representations and integrates them within a transformer architecture.
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Towards Controllable Speech Synthesis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Text-to-speech (TTS) has advanced from generating natural-sounding speech to enabling fine-grained control over speech attributes.
Approach: They provide a review of controllable TTS methods from traditional control techniques to emerging approaches using natural language prompts.
Outcome: The proposed methods are based on models, strategies, and features, and summarize challenges, datasets, and evaluations.

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