Challenge: Existing methods to train retrieval-based dialogue systems rely on crowd-sourced data . however, it is difficult to collect large-scale dialogues that are grounded on background knowledge .
Approach: They propose to decompose training of knowledge-grounded response selection into three tasks . they propose to combine query-passage matching task with query-dialogue history matching task .
Outcome: Experimental results show that the proposed model can perform comparable to existing methods . the retrieval-based system can leverage background knowledge when conversing with humans .

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Challenge: Empirical results indicate that pre-trained language models can significantly outperform state-of-the-art methods in both automatic evaluation and human judgment.
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Eliciting Knowledge from Large Pre-Trained Models for Unsupervised Knowledge-Grounded Conversation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in large-scale pre-training provide large models with the potential to learn knowledge from the raw text.
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A Three-Stage Learning Framework for Low-Resource Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge-grounded dialogues perform poorly when transfer into new domains with limited training samples.
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Well Begun is Half Done: Generator-agnostic Knowledge Pre-Selection for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge selection methods are costly to learn and difficult to interpret when errors arise in the generated responses.
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Challenge: Existing knowledge selection models are limited by the context, but the difference between selected knowledge at different turns is often overlooked.
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Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation with a Unified Knowledge Representation (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge-grounded dialogue systems perform poorly on unseen topics due to limited topics covered in training data.
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Training Neural Response Selection for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems (P19-1)

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Challenge: Despite their popularity, retrieval-based models have had modest impact on task-oriented dialogue systems . main obstacle to their application is the low-data regime of most task-orientated dialogue tasks . e-commerce, banking, and other domains are applications of retrieval models .
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Fine-grained Post-training for Improving Retrieval-based Dialogue Systems (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods to select the correct response for a dialogue system are generation-based and retrieval-based.
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Challenge: Existing knowledge-grounded dialogue models lack fine-grained control over knowledge selection and integration with dialogues.
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Enhancing Knowledge Selection for Grounded Dialogues via Document Semantic Graphs (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing conversation models treat knowledge selection as a sentence ranking problem where each sentence is handled individually, ignoring the internal semantic connection between sentences.
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