Challenge: Empirical results indicate that pre-trained language models can significantly outperform state-of-the-art methods in both automatic evaluation and human judgment.
Approach: They propose to equip a pre-trained language model with a knowledge selection module to generate knowledge-grounded dialogues.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in evaluation and human judgment.

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A Pre-training Strategy for Zero-Resource Response Selection in Knowledge-Grounded Conversations (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to train retrieval-based dialogue systems rely on crowd-sourced data . however, it is difficult to collect large-scale dialogues that are grounded on background knowledge .
Approach: They propose to decompose training of knowledge-grounded response selection into three tasks . they propose to combine query-passage matching task with query-dialogue history matching task .
Outcome: Experimental results show that the proposed model can perform comparable to existing methods . the retrieval-based system can leverage background knowledge when conversing with humans .
Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation with a Unified Knowledge Representation (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge-grounded dialogue systems perform poorly on unseen topics due to limited topics covered in training data.
Approach: They propose a language model that homogenizes different knowledge sources to a unified knowledge representation for knowledge-grounded dialogue generation tasks.
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Pretrained Language Models for Dialogue Generation with Multiple Input Sources (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large-scale pretrained language models have achieved outstanding performance on natural language understanding tasks.
Approach: They propose to fuse attention information from multiple input sources to achieve better relevance with dialogue history than simple fusion baselines.
Outcome: The proposed models deliver higher relevance with dialogue history than baselines.
A Synthetic Data Generation Framework for Grounded Dialogues (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to train grounded dialogues require large amounts of data.
Approach: They propose a synthetic data generation framework for grounded dialogues that takes knowledge data and heuristics to determine a dialogue flow and incrementally turn it into a dialog.
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Section-Aware Commonsense Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation with Pre-trained Language Model (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models can be expected to deepen the fusing of dialogue context and knowledge because of their superior ability of semantic understanding.
Approach: They propose a two-stage framework to integrate a linearized knowledge into plan text using a ranking network PriorRanking to estimate the relevance of a retrieved knowledge fact.
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PLATO: Pre-trained Dialogue Generation Model with Discrete Latent Variable (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing pre-training models for dialogue generation have been proven effective for a wide range of tasks.
Approach: They propose a dialogue generation pre-training framework that leverages bi-directional context and uni-directional characteristic of language generation.
Outcome: The proposed framework is superior to existing models on three publicly available datasets.
Eliciting Knowledge from Large Pre-Trained Models for Unsupervised Knowledge-Grounded Conversation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in large-scale pre-training provide large models with the potential to learn knowledge from the raw text.
Approach: They propose a posterior-based reweighing and noisy training strategy to exploit generated knowledge in dialogue generation.
Outcome: Empirical results show that the proposed methods outperform the state-of-the-art methods in unsupervised knowledge-grounded conversation.
Efficient Latent Variable Modeling for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge-grounded dialogue generation algorithms require annotated knowledge to generate a response grounded on the retrieved knowledge.
Approach: They propose an efficient algorithm for latent variable modeling that leverages large amount of dialogue data.
Outcome: The proposed algorithm outperforms the supervised learning algorithm on knowledge-grounded dialogue datasets while maintaining efficiency and scalability.
Well Begun is Half Done: Generator-agnostic Knowledge Pre-Selection for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge selection methods are costly to learn and difficult to interpret when errors arise in the generated responses.
Approach: They propose a generator-agnostic knowledge selection method to select context-related knowledge among different knowledge structures and variable knowledge requirements.
Outcome: The proposed method can select knowledge accurately in advance and reduce learning, adjustment, and interpretation burden of later models.
Hello, It’s GPT-2 - How Can I Help You? Towards the Use of Pretrained Language Models for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems (D19-56)

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Challenge: Statistical conversational systems are complex, timeintensive, expensive, and not easily transferable due to data scarcity.
Approach: They propose a task-oriented dialogue model that operates on text input . they validate it on multi-domain task-orientated dialogues from a multi-word dataset .
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