Challenge: Existing computer-aided translation tools require the translator to edit incorrect parts of a document, while ITP tools require fewer edits.
Approach: They propose an interactive translation interface with neural models that streamline the post-editing process on machine translation output.
Outcome: The proposed interface can significantly improve translation quality and a user study shows that it speeds up the post-editing process by 52.9% compared to translating from scratch.

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Computer Assisted Translation with Neural Quality Estimation and Automatic Post-Editing (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Using neural machine translation to approximate human parity is difficult due to the lack of parallel training corpora.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end deep learning framework for quality estimation and automatic post-editing of machine translation output.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on the English–German dataset and human translators can significantly expedite their post-editing processing with the model.
Leveraging GPT-4 for Automatic Translation Post-Editing (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation models still require translation post-editing to rectify errors and enhance quality under critical settings.
Approach: They use GPT-4 to automatically post-edit NMT outputs across several language pairs . they show that GPT4 is adept at translation post- editing, producing meaningful edits .
Outcome: The proposed translation post-editor improves on state-of-the-art language models on English-Chinese, English-German, Chinese-English and German-English language pairs.
Contextual Refinement of Translations: Large Language Models for Sentence and Document-Level Post-Editing (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models have demonstrated considerable success in various natural language processing tasks, but their performance in NMT tasks is still underexplored.
Approach: They propose to use LLMs as automatic post-editors rather than direct translators to improve BLEU and COMET performance.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves BLEU but COMET performance compared to in-context learning.
Sentence Level Human Translation Quality Estimation with Attention-based Neural Networks (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for assessing translation quality rely on manual features and external knowledge.
Approach: They propose to use a neural model without feature engineering to detect which parts in sentence pairs are most relevant for assessing quality.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms feature-based methods on a large human annotated dataset.
Neural Machine Translation Quality and Post-Editing Performance (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: a recent study has shown that MT post-editing can reduce translation quality and speed . a large-scale study involving 30 professional translators examined the relationship between MT performance and post-edited outputs.
Approach: They examine the relationship between MT performance and post-editing time and quality . they use neural MT of high quality to improve translation quality based on phrase-based MT .
Outcome: The proposed model is not stable predictor of time or quality, the authors say . they find that better MT systems lead to fewer changes in the sentences .
deepQuest: A Framework for Neural-based Quality Estimation (C18-1)

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Challenge: Predicting Machine Translation (MT) quality has been limited to word and sentence-level prediction.
Approach: They propose a framework that can generalize neural QE approaches to the level of documents.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on document-level quality estimates and is 40 times faster to train.
Investigating the Helpfulness of Word-Level Quality Estimation for Post-Editing Machine Translation Output (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Post-editing (PE) machine translation (MT) output can save time and reduce errors.
Approach: They propose to use automatic word-level quality estimation to predict correctness of MT output to flag problematic output.
Outcome: The proposed model is not good enough to support human translations, but is based on a visualization reflecting uncertainty of the model.
Are we Estimating or Guesstimating Translation Quality? (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: A carefully engineered ensemble of pre-trained multilingual language models won the QE shared task at WMT19.
Approach: They propose to use pre-trained multilingual language models to train quality estimation for machine translation.
Outcome: A carefully engineered ensemble of pre-trained language models wins the QE shared task at WMT19.
Improving Cross-Domain Low-Resource Text Generation through LLM Post-Editing: A Programmer-Interpreter Approach (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Large pre-trained language models such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 have gained significant attention in natural language research due to limited computational resources or inaccessible parameters.
Approach: They propose a neural programmer-interpreter approach that preserves the domain generalization ability of LLMs while editing their output.
Outcome: The proposed framework significantly improves GPT-3.5’s performance in logical form-to-text conversion and low-resource machine translation, surpassing other state-of-the-art (SOTA) LLM post-editing methods in cross-domain settings.
A Post-Editing Dataset in the Legal Domain: Do we Underestimate Neural Machine Translation Quality? (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Current state-of-the-art in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has reached remarkable progress, but human evaluations are often judged as having lower quality than top NMT systems.
Approach: They propose to use a machine translation dataset with post-edited high-quality neural machine translation and independent human references to compare the results.
Outcome: The proposed dataset includes 31K tuples including a source sentence, the respective machine translation by a neural machine translation system, and a post-edited version of such translation by professional translator.

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