Challenge: State-of-the-art multilingual models depend on vocabularies that cover all languages . but the methods for generating those vocalaries are not ideal for massively multilingual applications.
Approach: They propose a procedure for multilingual vocabulary generation that combines separately trained vocabularies of several automatically derived language clusters.
Outcome: The proposed procedure shows improvements across languages on multilingual benchmark tasks . the proposed procedure reduces out-of-vocabulary rate by a factor of 8 .

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Challenge: Large multilingual models rely on a single vocabulary shared across 100+ languages . this vocabulary bottleneck limits the representational capabilities of multilingual model XLM-R .
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Challenge: Recent work in multilingual natural language processing has shown progress on tasks such as natural language inference and joint multilingual translation.
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Multilingual Generation in Abstractive Summarization: A Comparative Study (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for multilingual generation lack thorough analysis due to extensive linguistic diversity.
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A Closer Look at Clustering Bilingual Comparable Corpora (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for clustering comparable corpora are not suitable for bilingual corpors.
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A Recipe of Parallel Corpora Exploitation for Multilingual Large Language Models (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent studies have highlighted the potential of exploiting parallel corpora to enhance multilingual large language models.
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An Empirical Study on Cross-lingual Vocabulary Adaptation for Efficient Language Model Inference (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Cross-lingual vocabulary adaptation (CVA) methods have been proposed for adapting models to a target language . but effectiveness of these methods on increasing inference efficiency of generative large language models has not been explored.
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How Vocabulary Sharing Facilitates Multilingualism in LLaMA? (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong performance on English tasks, but their performance in other languages is limited.
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Challenge: Cross-lingual word embeddings are representations of words across languages in a shared continuous vector space.
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Vocabulary-informed Language Encoding (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: A Multilingual model relies on language encodings to identify input languages . a method to compute a vocabulary-informed language coding can improve multilingual models .
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Towards Continual Learning for Multilingual Machine Translation via Vocabulary Substitution (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to multilingual machine translation rely on training models on monolingual data for all languages in a multitask setup.
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