Papers with C++
CCT-Code: Cross-Consistency Training for Multilingual Clone Detection and Code Search (2025.naacl-srw)
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Nikita Sorokin, Tikhonov Anton, Dmitry Abulkhanov, Ivan Sedykh, Irina Piontkovskaya, Valentin Malykh
| Challenge: | clone detection is crucial in software development for identifying semantically similar code . clones can be found in the same language code snippets, but there is little research on multilingual clonage detection. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel training procedure leveraging cross-lingual similarity to train language models on source code in various programming languages. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art on C++ and Python clone detection benchmarks with comparable performance on decoder-based models. |
Marian: Fast Neural Machine Translation in C++ (P18-4)
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Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt, Roman Grundkiewicz, Tomasz Dwojak, Hieu Hoang, Kenneth Heafield, Tom Neckermann, Frank Seide, Ulrich Germann, Alham Fikri Aji, Nikolay Bogoychev, André F. T. Martins, Alexandra Birch
| Challenge: | In this paper, we present Marian, an efficient and self-contained Neural Machine Translation framework . Marian is written in pure C++ with minimal dependencies . |
| Approach: | They present Marian, an efficient and self-contained Neural Machine Translation framework written in pure C++ with minimal dependencies. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves high training and translation speed with minimal dependencies . it is currently being deployed in multiple European projects . |
CytonMT: an Efficient Neural Machine Translation Open-source Toolkit Implemented in C++ (D18-2)
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| Challenge: | Neural machine translation (NMT) has made remarkable progress over the past few years. |
| Approach: | They propose to use C++ and NVIDIA’s GPU-accelerated libraries to build an open-source neural machine translation toolkit called CytonMT. |
| Outcome: | The proposed toolkit accelerates the training speed by 64.5% to 110.8% on neural networks of various sizes, and achieves competitive translation quality. |
From Research to Production and Back: Ludicrously Fast Neural Machine Translation (D19-56)
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Young Jin Kim, Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt, Hany Hassan, Alham Fikri Aji, Kenneth Heafield, Roman Grundkiewicz, Nikolay Bogoychev
| Challenge: | Using the dominating submissions to the previous edition of the shared task, we develop improved teacher-student training via multi-agent dual-learning and noisy backward-forward translation for Transformer-based student models. |
| Approach: | They propose to use multi-agent dual-learning and noisy backward-forward translation to improve teacher-student training for Transformer-based student models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms submissions to the previous edition of the WNGT efficiency shared task by 4 BLEU points and 10 BLUE points respectively. |
PyMarian: Fast Neural Machine Translation and Evaluation in Python (2024.emnlp-demo)
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| Challenge: | a Python interface to Marian NMT is available in PyPI via pip install pymarian . the interface provides a speedup factor of up to 7.8 the existing implementations . |
| Approach: | They propose a Python interface to Marian NMT, a C++-based training and inference toolkit for sequence-to-sequence models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed interface enables models trained with Marian to be connected to Python tools with a speedup factor of up to 7.8 the existing implementations. |
ProConSuL: Project Context for Code Summarization with LLMs (2024.emnlp-industry)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that ProConSuL significantly improves code summaries and reduces the number of hallucinations. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to provide a large language model with precise information about the code structure from program analysis methods. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework significantly improves code summaries and reduces hallucinations compared to the base model. |
MPL: Multiple Programming Languages with Large Language Models for Information Extraction (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing research focuses on Python for code-style simulation, overlooking the potential of other widely-used PLs during the supervised fine-tuning phase. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that incorporates programming languages into IE tasks . they introduce function-prompt with virtual running to simulate code-style inputs . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework exploits the potential of different programming languages during the supervised fine-tuning phase. |
Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation: It’s Not as Fast as it Seems (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Efficient machine translation models are commercially important as they can increase inference speeds, reduce costs and carbon emissions. |
| Approach: | They compare NAR models with autoregressive models to evaluate their performance . they point out flaws in evaluation methodology and argue for consistent evaluation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is faster on GPUs, but slower under more realistic usage conditions. |
TRACE: Evaluating Execution Efficiency of LLM-Based Code Translation (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved the functional correctness of code translation, but execution efficiency remains overlooked. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to explicitly assess execution efficiency in LLM-translated code. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark identifies that execution efficiency is an essential dimension of code translation . the results highlight that correctness and efficiency are often misaligned . |
Beyond Code: Evaluate Thought Steps for Complex Code Generation (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing efforts to generate code in C++ rely on relatively simple programming problems . large language models (LLMs) pre-trained on numerous code data have opened up new opportunities for code generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a task that evaluates the quality of thought steps and code implementation . they construct a dataset of complex programming problems in C++ . |
| Outcome: | The proposed task evaluates the quality of thought steps and code implementation in a C++ programming language. |
Marking Code Without Breaking It: Code Watermarking for Detecting LLM-Generated Code (2026.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for identifying LLM-generated code are limited by syntax-critical tokens, which can introduce syntax errors. |
| Approach: | They propose a syntax-aware watermarking method that embeds watermarks only in non-syntactic tokens and preserves code integrity. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baseline methods on Python, C++, and Java. |
DebugBench: Evaluating Debugging Capability of Large Language Models (2024.findings-acl)
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Runchu Tian, Yining Ye, Yujia Qin, Xin Cong, Yankai Lin, Yinxu Pan, Yesai Wu, Hui Haotian, Liu Weichuan, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional coding capabilities, but their debugging capabilities remain relatively unexplored. |
| Approach: | They propose a debugging benchmark consisting of 4,253 LLMs with four major bug categories and 18 minor types in C++, Java, and Python. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark covers four major bug categories and 18 minor types in C++, Java, and Python. |
Effective Batching for Recurrent Neural Network Grammars (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | RNNGs are hard to scale due to the difficulty of batched training. |
| Approach: | They propose to batch RNNGs where every operation is computed in parallel with tensors across multiple sentences. |
| Outcome: | The proposed RNNG scales faster than existing models and achieves x6 speedup compared to existing C++ DyNet implementation . |
Data Augmentation for Code Translation with Comparable Corpora and Multiple References (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for translating code between programming languages are limited by parallel training data. |
| Approach: | They propose a data augmentation technique that builds comparable corpora and augments existing parallel data with multiple reference translations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed techniques improve CodeT5 translation between Java, Python, and C++ by an average of 7.5% Computational Accuracy (CA@1) . |
DocCGen: Document-based Controlled Code Generation (2024.emnlp-main)
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Sameer Pimparkhede, Mehant Kammakomati, Srikanth Tamilselvam, Prince Kumar, Ashok Kumar, Pushpak Bhattacharyya
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) produce state-of-the-art performance on natural language to code generation for resource-rich general-purpose languages like C++, Java, and Python. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that breaks the NL-to-Code generation task into two steps . they use library documentation to detect the correct libraries and schema rules extracted from the documentation to constrain the decoding . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves different sized language models across all six evaluation metrics, reducing syntactic and semantic errors in structured code. |
SecureVibeBench: Benchmarking Secure Vibe Coding of AI Agents via Reconstructing Vulnerability-Introducing Scenarios (2026.acl-long)
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Junkai Chen, Huihui Huang, Yunbo Lyu, Junwen An, Jieke Shi, Chengran Yang, Ting Zhang, Haoye Tian, Yikun Li, Zhenhao Li, Xin Zhou, Xing Hu, David Lo
| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks fail to capture scenarios in which vulnerabilities are introduced by humans . we evaluate 5 popular code agents supported by 5 LLMs on SecureVibeBench . |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmarking tool that compares 105 C/C++ secure coding tasks . they use real-world open-source vulnerabilities and a comprehensive evaluation tool . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks show that code agents struggle to produce correct and secure code . the best performing agent produces merely 23.8% correct and secured solutions . |
CRUXEVAL-X: A Benchmark for Multilingual Code Reasoning, Understanding and Execution (2025.acl-long)
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Ruiyang Xu, Jialun Cao, Yaojie Lu, Ming Wen, Hongyu Lin, Xianpei Han, Ben He, Shing-Chi Cheung, Le Sun
| Challenge: | Existing code benchmarks focus on code generation, while those for code reasoning are insufficient. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-lingual code reasoning benchmark that contains 19 programming languages and at least 600 subjects for each language. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model trains on Python and achieves 34.4% Pass@1 in other languages, revealing the cross-language generalization of LLMs. |
RoCode: A Dataset for Measuring Code Intelligence from Problem Definitions in Romanian (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Large language models are capable of solving tasks in natural language, but most tests assume they are written in English. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a dataset to measure the generalization power of large language models in a language other than English to evaluate their code intelligence. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset provides a benchmark for evaluating the code intelligence of language models trained on Romanian / multilingual text and a fine-tuning set for pretrained Romanian models. |
Parallel-SFT: Improving Zero-Shot Cross-Programming-Language Transfer for Code RL (2026.findings-acl)
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Zhaofeng Wu, Shiqi Wang, Boya Peng, Anuj Kumar Goyal, Melanie Kambadur, Sebastian Ruder, Yoon Kim, Chloe Bi
| Challenge: | Modern language models demonstrate impressive coding capabilities in common programming languages (PLs) but their performance in lower-resource PLs is often limited by training data availability. |
| Approach: | They propose a zero-shot cross-programming-language transfer task for code RL . they propose RL training in a source PL fails to improve performance on other target PLs . |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves transferability in Llama-3.1 code generation on parallel-stack model . it also improves performance on other target PLs, compared to single-PL SFT . |
AutoSUIT Bench - Automated Security UnIt Test Benchmark for LLM Coding (2026.findings-acl)
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Samuel Osebe, Fan Yang, Junyi Li, Yue Gu, Yongxin Wang, Satyapriya Krishna, Kai-Wei Chang, Aram Galstyan, Rahul Gupta, Weitong Ruan
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are evolving rapidly on code generation tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to automate the vulnerability code benchmark creation with iterative auto validation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark covers 232 CWE categories across C/C++, Java, and Python languages. |
OmniCode: A Benchmark for Evaluating Software Development Agents (2026.findings-acl)
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Atharv Sonwane, Eng-Shen Tu, Wei-Chung Lu, Claas Beger, Carter Larsen, Debjit Dhar, Simon Alford, Rachel Chen, Ronit Pattanayak, Tuan Anh Dang, Guohao Chen, Gloria Geng, Kevin Ellis, Saikat Dutta
| Challenge: | popular coding benchmarks focus on narrowly scoped tasks such as competition programming and patch generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a software engineering benchmark that aims to provide a broader set of tasks beyond code or patch generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework performs well on bug fixing for Python, test generation, code review fixing, and style fixing with popular agent frameworks such as SWE-Agent. |
LLM Program Optimization via Retrieval Augmented Search (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Recent work shows that large language models have difficulty with program optimization out-of-the-box. |
| Approach: | They propose a blackbox adaptation method that performs beam search over candidate optimizations by a training dataset. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms retrieval based on the source code in a number of ways. |