Papers by Ge Luo
Identifying Exaggerated Language (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies on metaphor and metonymy have focused on hyperbole, but it is a relatively understudied phenomenon in the figurative language processing community. |
| Approach: | They propose to use hyperbole detection to determine whether a sentence is hyperbolic . they also perform statistical and manual analyses of the corpus and address the automatic hyperbola detection task. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset consists of 709 hyperbolic sentences with a non-hyperbolic version created by paraphrasing its hyperbolical counterpart. |
Step-level Verifier-guided Hybrid Test-Time Scaling for Large Language Models (2025.emnlp-main)
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Kaiyan Chang, Yonghao Shi, Chenglong Wang, Hang Zhou, Chi Hu, Xiaoqian Liu, Yingfeng Luo, Yuan Ge, Tong Xiao, JingBo Zhu
| Challenge: | Recent training-based TTS methods, such as continued reinforcement learning, have surged in popularity, while training-free TTS approaches are gradually fading from prominence. |
| Approach: | They propose a fine-grained sequential scaling method guided by process verification that integrates training-free TTS methods with other classical parallel scaling methods at the step level. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on five instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) show that training-free TTS methods can extend reasoning performance boundaries. |
Benchmarking LLM Faithfulness in RAG with Evolving Leaderboards (2025.emnlp-industry)
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Manveer Singh Tamber, Forrest Sheng Bao, Chenyu Xu, Ge Luo, Suleman Kazi, Minseok Bae, Miaoran Li, Ofer Mendelevitch, Renyi Qu, Jimmy Lin
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) excel in various tasks, but often produce hallucinations . retrieved contexts, misrepresent information, or generate outright contradictions . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that measures hallucination faithfulness of large language models . they introduce a leaderboard that leverages diverse human-annotated hallucinian examples . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves hallucination evaluations by leveraging human-annotated examples. |
Progressive Self-Supervised Attention Learning for Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that our proposed approach yields better attention mechanisms . dominant ASC models are mostly discriminative classifiers based on manual feature engineering . |
| Approach: | They propose a self-supervised approach to aspect-level sentiment classification that mines useful attention supervision information from a training corpus to refine attention mechanisms. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach yields better attention mechanisms on multiple datasets. |
LJPCheck: Functional Tests for Legal Judgment Prediction (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing LJP models fail to evaluate specific aspects of their performance, such as legal fairness and judicial fairness. |
| Approach: | They propose a suite of functional tests for LJP models to comprehend LJp models’ behaviors and offer diagnostic insights. |
| Outcome: | Extensive tests reveal weaknesses in LJP models and provide diagnostic insights. |
Iterative Dual Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Empirical results on Chinese-English and English-German translation tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework. |
| Approach: | They propose an iterative dual domain adaptation framework for neural machine translation that uses multiple corpora to perform bidirectional translation knowledge transfer. |
| Outcome: | Empirical results on Chinese-English and English-German translation tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. |
Entailment as Robust Self-Learner (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have found that entailment pretraining benefits weakly supervised fine-tuning. |
| Approach: | They propose a prompting strategy that formulates different NLU tasks as contextual entailment and propose an algorithm for better pseudo-labeling quality in self-training. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves the zero-shot adaptation performance on downstream tasks. |
PACE: Improving Prompt with Actor-Critic Editing for Large Language Model (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Prompt with Actor-Critic Editing (PACE) for LLMs improves performance of different human-written prompts, resulting in significant performance discrepancies. |
| Approach: | They propose to use LLMs as actors and critics to enable automatic prompt editing by taking feedback from both actors performing prompt and criticizing response into account. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves the performance of human-written prompts by 98% and compares to high-quality human-writing prompts. |
MARS-Bench: A Multi-turn Athletic Real-world Scenario Benchmark for Dialogue Evaluation (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Chenghao Yang, Yinbo Luo, Zhoufutu Wen, Qi Chu, Tao Gong, Longxiang Liu, Kaiyuan Zhang, Jianpeng Jiao, Ge Zhang, Wenhao Huang, Nenghai Yu
| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in real-world dialogue applications, but their robustness is criticized all along. |
| Approach: | They propose to use play-by-play text commentary to build a multi-turn athletic real-world scenario dialogue benchmark to evaluate three critical aspects of multi-turned conversations: ultra multi- turn, interactive multi-twist, and cross-turn tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks outperform open-source LLMs on three critical aspects of multi-turn conversations: ultra multi-turned, interactive multi- turn, and cross-turn tasks. |
From Unaligned to Aligned: Scaling Multilingual LLMs with Multi-Way Parallel Corpora (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Experiments show that models trained on multi-way parallel data outperform those trained on unaligned data. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale, high-quality multi-way parallel corpus based on TED Talks that spans 113 languages with up to 50 languages aligned in parallel. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms models trained on unaligned multilingual data on six multilingual benchmarks. |
Don’t Miss the Potential Customers! Retrieving Similar Ads to Improve User Targeting (2021.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | a method for user targeting is developed to identify online users to whom an ad should be targeted. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for automatic augmentation of positive and negative clickthrough data for user targeting models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can increase positive and negative instances of positive training instances on two datasets. |
Natural Language Embedded Programs for Hybrid Language Symbolic Reasoning (2024.findings-naacl)
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Tianhua Zhang, Jiaxin Ge, Hongyin Luo, Yung-Sung Chuang, Mingye Gao, Yuan Gong, Yoon Kim, Xixin Wu, Helen Meng, James Glass
| Challenge: | Existing methods for surfacing symbolic reasoning capabilities are limited to narrow tasks . arithmetic computations are unnatural to perform in pure language space, and hence present difficulties for LLMs. |
| Approach: | They propose a natural language embedded program framework for solving symbolic reasoning tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves on strong baselines across math and symbolic reasoning, text classification, question answering, and instruction following tasks. |
PrefScore: Pairwise Preference Learning for Reference-free Summarization Quality Assessment (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on summarization evaluation without a human-written reference summary have shown high correlations with human ratings. |
| Approach: | They propose to judge summary quality by learning preference rank from corrupted summaries . they use Bradley-Terry power ranking model to learn preference rank . |
| Outcome: | Experiments on several datasets show that the proposed model can produce scores highly correlated with human ratings. |
Plot2Code: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Multi-modal Large Language Models in Code Generation from Scientific Plots (2025.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Multi-modal Large Language Models have shown remarkable progress in visual contexts, yet their ability to convert visual figures into executable code remains underexplored. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a set of visual coding metrics to assess MLLMs' visual . pass rate, text-match ratio, and GPT-4V rating judgement to assess the quality of generated code and rendered images. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark includes 132 high-quality matplotlib plots across six plot types, as well as 150 and 86 plots from Python’s and R’s plotly libraries respectively, totaling 368 plots. |
SummaCoz: A Dataset for Improving the Interpretability of Factual Consistency Detection for Summarization (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Summarization is an important application of Large Language Models. |
| Approach: | They integrate human-annotated and model-generated natural language explanations to elucidate how a summary deviates and becomes inconsistent with its source article. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model provides rationales for its judgments and improves its accuracy significantly. |
Learn to Memorize: Scalable Continual Learning in Semiparametric Models with Mixture-of-Neighbors Induction Memory (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Semiparametric language models (LMs) use static storage, which lacks learning capability and is disconnected from the internal information flow of the parametric models. |
| Approach: | They reconceptualize the non-parametric memory represented by kNN-LM as a learnable Mixture-of-Neighbors Induction Memory (MoNIM) this synergizes the induction capabilities of attention heads with the memorization strength of feed-forward networks . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is a learnable Mixture-of-neighbors induction memory (MoNIM) it synergizes the induction capabilities of attention heads with the memorization strength of feed-forward networks (FFNs). |
LLaMA Pro: Progressive LLaMA with Block Expansion (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies have demonstrated that pre-trained LLMs are limited in certain domains, such as programming, mathematics, biomedical, or finance. |
| Approach: | They propose a new post-pretraining method with an expansion of Transformer blocks to tune the expanded blocks using only new corpus, efficiently and effectively improving the model’s knowledge while mitigating forgetting. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models in programming and math and its instruction-following counterpart LLaMA Pro-8.3B in general tasks, programming, and mathematics. |
Unraveling the Mystery: Defending Against Jailbreak Attacks Via Unearthing Real Intention (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to elusive and implicit intentions, causing security risks and compromising user experience. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to detect and mitigate implicit jailbreak attacks using LLMs by unearthing real intentions and a greedy gradient-based algorithm to remove the least important parts of a sentence. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces attacks success rate and Harmful Score while maintaining overall model performance. |
SueNes: A Weakly Supervised Approach to Evaluating Single-Document Summarization via Negative Sampling (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on automatic summary evaluation metrics focus on lexical similarity and require a reference summary which is expensive to obtain. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a weakly supervised summary evaluation approach without the presence of reference summaries to transform existing summarization datasets into corrupted reference summarizers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baselines and shows that it improves linguistic quality over all metrics. |
On the Intractability to Synthesize Factual Inconsistencies in Summarization (2024.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for detecting factual inconsistencies in abstractive summarization are lacking in factual consistency detection. |
| Approach: | They propose to use real model-generated summaries with human annotations to detect factual inconsistencies. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the SOTA on CoGenSumm, FactCC, Frank, and SummEval datasets. |
DocAsRef: An Empirical Study on Repurposing Reference-based Summary Quality Metrics as Reference-free Metrics (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing reference-based metrics are limited by their reliance on human input. |
| Approach: | They propose to adapt some reference-based metrics to assess system summary against human-written references. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms reference-based metrics on two datasets and is comparable to reference-free metrics. |
OpenCoder: The Open Cookbook for Top-Tier Code Large Language Models (2025.acl-long)
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Siming Huang, Tianhao Cheng, Jason Klein Liu, Weidi Xu, Jiaran Hao, Liuyihan Song, Yang Xu, Jian Yang, Jiaheng Liu, Chenchen Zhang, Linzheng Chai, Ruifeng Yuan, Xianzhen Luo, Qiufeng Wang, YuanTao Fan, Qingfu Zhu, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Yang Gao, Jie Fu, Qian Liu, Houyi Li, Ge Zhang, Yuan Qi, Xu Yinghui, Wei Chu, Zili Wang
| Challenge: | Code LLMs lack reproducible data pipelines and training protocols for reproducible advancements in code intelligence. |
| Approach: | They propose a top-tier code LLM that releases model weights and inference code . reproducible data pipelines, rigorous experimental ablation results and training protocols are included . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves comparable performance to leading models and serves as an "open cookbook" reproducible training data, rigorous experimental ablation results, and detailed training protocols are also included in the model. |
FaithBench: A Diverse Hallucination Benchmark for Summarization by Modern LLMs (2025.naacl-short)
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Forrest Sheng Bao, Miaoran Li, Renyi Qu, Ge Luo, Erana Wan, Yujia Tang, Weisi Fan, Manveer Singh Tamber, Suleman Kazi, Vivek Sourabh, Mike Qi, Ruixuan Tu, Chenyu Xu, Matthew Gonzales, Ofer Mendelevitch, Amin Ahmad
| Challenge: | Existing evaluations of hallucinations in large language models suffer from a lack of diversity and recency in the LLM and LLM families considered. |
| Approach: | They propose a summarization hallucination benchmark that challenges models to disagree on hallucines . they use models to generate answers or summaries from textual input . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model combines the best of 10 modern LLMs with ground truth annotations. |
MIRAGE-Bench: Automatic Multilingual Benchmark Arena for Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Traditional retrieval-augmented generation benchmarks use heuristics as the ground truth for evaluation, but require an expensive large language model (LLM) as a judge for a reliable evaluation. |
| Approach: | They propose to use large language models as a judge for retrieval-augmented generation benchmarks . they use heuristic metrics as input and a large language model as heuriistic input . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method couples heuristic features with large language models as judge for evaluation. |