Papers by Dandan Wang
From Allies to Adversaries: Manipulating LLM Tool-Calling through Adversarial Injection (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Toolcalling has changed Large Language Model (LLM) applications by integrating external tools, but it also introduces new security vulnerabilities, particularly in the tool scheduling mechanisms of LLM, which have not been extensively studied. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that exploits vulnerabilities in Large Language Models through adversarial tool injection to execute privacy theft, launch denial-of-service attacks, and manipulate business competition. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework exploits vulnerabilities in LLM tool-calling systems through adversarial tool injection. |
Modularized Interaction Network for Named Entity Recognition (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Named Entity Recognition (NER) models focus on word-level information, while segment-based models focus only on word level information. |
| Approach: | They propose a Modularized Interaction Network (MIN) model which utilizes both word-level information and segment-level dependencies. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the current state-of-the-art models on three NER benchmark datasets. |
Tool Zero: Training Tool-Augmented LLMs via Pure RL from Scratch (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Yirong Zeng, Xiao Ding, Yutai Hou, Yuxian Wang, Li Du, Juyi Dai, Qiuyang Ding, Duyu Tang, Dandan Tu, Weiwen Liu, Bing Qin, Ting Liu
| Challenge: | Experimental results demonstrate that our models achieve over 7% performance improvement compared to both SFT and RL-with-SFT models under the same experimental settings. |
| Approach: | They propose a dynamic generalization-guided reward design for rule-based RL that shifts rewards from exploratory to exploitative tool-use patterns. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves over 7% performance improvement compared to SFT and RL-with-SFT models under the same experimental settings. |
Path-enhanced Pre-trained Language Model for Knowledge Graph Completion (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable knowledge graph completion (KGC) success. |
| Approach: | They propose a path-enhanced pre-trained language model-based knowledge graph completion method which uses multi-view generation to infer missing facts in triple-level and path-level simultaneously. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves the performance of the knowledge graph completion task. |
STORM-BORN: A Challenging Mathematical Derivations Dataset Curated via a Human-in-the-Loop Multi-Agent Framework (2025.findings-acl)
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Wenhao Liu, Zhenyi Lu, Xinyu Hu, Jerry Zhang, Dailin Li, Jiacheng Cen, Huilin Cao, Haiteng Wang, Yuhan Li, Xie Kun, Dandan Li, Pei Zhang, Chengbo Zhang, Yuxiang Ren, Xiaohong Huang, Yan Ma
| Challenge: | Existing datasets suffer from outdated and insufficient challenging content, neglecting human-like reasoning, and limited reliability due to single-LLM generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a human-in-the-loop, multi-agent data generation framework that integrates reasoning-dense filters, multiagent collaboration, and human mathematicians’ evaluations to ensure the reliability and quality of the dataset. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves accuracy and quality of the 2,000-synthesized datasets by integrating reasoning-dense filters, multi-agent collaboration, and human mathematicians’ evaluations. |
A Framework of Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Large Language Model Based on Question Decomposition and Atomic Retrieval (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to enhance LLMs with knowledge graphs have limited results . knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) provides interpretable reasoning for large language models . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for KG-enhanced LLM based on question decomposition and atomic retrieval . they propose question decomposing tree as framework for LLM reasoning . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing reasoning-based baselines on KGQA datasets. |
Separation and Fusion: A Novel Multiple Token Linking Model for Event Argument Extraction (2024.naacl-long)
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Jing Xu, Dandan Song, Siu Hui, Zhijing Wu, Meihuizi Jia, Hao Wang, Yanru Zhou, Changzhi Zhou, Ziyi Yang
| Challenge: | Existing methods for event argument extraction (EAE) lack cross-event information and require longer role sequences . et al. (2017): outperforms state-of-the-art methods for EE. |
| Approach: | They propose a separation-and-fusion paradigm to separate the acquisition of cross-event information and fuse it into the argument extraction of a target event. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art models on four widely used datasets. |
Concise and Precise Context Compression for Tool-Using Language Models (2024.findings-acl)
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Yang Xu, Yunlong Feng, Honglin Mu, Yutai Hou, Yitong Li, Xinghao Wang, Wanjun Zhong, Zhongyang Li, Dandan Tu, Qingfu Zhu, Min Zhang, Wanxiang Che
| Challenge: | Existing methods suffer from key information loss and difficulty in adjusting the length of compressed sequences based on documentation lengths. |
| Approach: | They propose two strategies for compressing tool documentation into concise and precise summary sequences for tool-using language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves comparable performance to the upper-bound baseline under 16x compression ratio. |
A Comparison between Pre-training and Large-scale Back-translation for Neural Machine Translation (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | BERT is a promising technique to improve NMT, but how it outperforms standard NMT is understudied. |
| Approach: | We compare MT engines trained with pre-trained BERT and back-translation with incrementally larger amounts of data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed technique outperforms standard NMT models on morphology and syntax. |
Augmenting Reasoning Capabilities of LLMs with Graph Structures in Knowledge Base Question Answering (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Yuhang Tian, Dandan Song, Zhijing Wu, Changzhi Zhou, Hao Wang, Jun Yang, Jing Xu, Ruanmin Cao, HaoYu Wang
| Challenge: | Recent work uses Large Language Models (LLMs) for semantic parsing to address Knowledge Base Question Answering tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that augments reasoning capabilities of LLMs with Graph Structures in Knowledge Base Question Answering to retrieve question-related graph structures. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on GrailQA and WebQSP under the few-shot setting. |
PDR: A Plug-and-Play Positional Decay Framework for LLM Pre-training Data Detection (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing likelihood-based methods for detecting pretraining data are limited in black-box, zero-shot settings. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free and plug-and-play framework that reweights token-level scores to amplify distinct signals from early positions while suppressing noise from later ones. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework amplifys signals from early positions while suppressing noise from later positions. |
Integrating Representation Subspace Mapping with Unimodal Auxiliary Loss for Attention-based Multimodal Emotion Recognition (2024.lrec-main)
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Xulong Du, Xingnan Zhang, Dandan Wang, Yingying Xu, Zhiyuan Wu, Shiqing Zhang, Xiaoming Zhao, Jun Yu, Liangliang Lou
| Challenge: | Existing methods to identify emotions rely on a large modality gap in their representations . |
| Approach: | They propose a representation subspace mapping module that maps each modality into two distinct subspaces and a cross-modality attention module that leverages auxiliary loss to remove the noise unrelated to emotion classification. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves superior performance to state-of-the-art MER methods on the IEMOCAP and MSP-Improv datasets. |
MDC-Bench: A Multidisciplinary Causal Benchmark Based on Causal Structures for Evaluating Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)
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Peng Wang, Yuxiong Yan, Xiao Ding, Kai Xiong, Bibo Cai, Chao Peng, Yutai Hou, Dandan Tu, Bing Qin, Ting Liu
| Challenge: | Existing causal datasets focus on the commonsense domain, but LLMs perform poorly when answering complex questions. |
| Approach: | They propose a multidisciplinary causal evaluation benchmark to assess LLMs' knowledge and skills. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves in domain specialization, structural diversity, and task complexity. |
ESC-Eval: Evaluating Emotion Support Conversations in Large Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)
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Haiquan Zhao, Lingyu Li, Shisong Chen, Shuqi Kong, Jiaan Wang, Kexin Huang, Tianle Gu, Yixu Wang, Jian Wang, Liang Dandan, Zhixu Li, Yan Teng, Yanghua Xiao, Yingchun Wang
| Challenge: | Emotion Support Conversation (ESC) is a crucial application for reducing stress and providing emotional guidance. |
| Approach: | They re-organize 2,801 role-playing cards to define roles of role-players . they train a specific role- playing model called ESC-Role which behaves more like a confused person than GPT-4 . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model behaves more like a confused person than GPT-4, and the model performs better than GPLs. |
Let Modalities Teach Each Other: Modal-Collaborative Knowledge Extraction and Fusion for Multimodal Knowledge Graph Completion (2025.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have focused on missing triples in knowledge graphs, but lack correlation between modalities. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to foster mutual guidance and collaboration in unimodal knowledge extraction and multimodal knowledge fusion. |
| Outcome: | Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate advantages of Moodle over state-of-the-art methods. |
Compressing LLM Knowledge into Graph Representations for Text-attributed Graphs Learning (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing GNN-LLM approaches use large language models at inference time for processing text attributes, resulting in costly deployment. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that internalizes LLM knowledge within graph models and supports inference-efficient TAG learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework internalizes LLM knowledge within graph models and supports inference-efficient TAG learning. |
Crafting Personalized Agents through Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Editable Memory Graphs (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | In the age of mobile internet, personal information is constantly being generated on smartphones. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel task of crafting personalized agents powered by large language models that leverage a user's smartphone memories to enhance downstream applications with LLM capabilities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves 10% over the best existing approach on a real-world dataset and improves usability. |
Safeguarding LLM Fine-tuning via Push-Pull Distributional Alignment (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing safety defenses for large language models fail to explicitly repel harmful patterns . Optimal transport (SOT) allows for safe fine-tuning without sacrificing safety . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that reframes safe fine-tuning from instance-level filtering challenge to distribution-level alignment task grounded in Optimal Transport. |
| Outcome: | a new framework improves safety of large language models while maintaining competitive performance . the proposed framework reduces the risk of errors and improves model performance compared to baselines . |
GRV-KBQA: A Three-Stage Framework for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Decoupled Logical Structure, Semantic Grounding and Structure-Aware Validation (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for Knowledge Base Question Answering generate non-executable queries and inefficiencies in query execution. |
| Approach: | a framework that decouples logical structure generation from semantic grounding is proposed . the framework explicitly enforces KB constraints to improve alignment between generated logical forms and KB structures. |
| Outcome: | GRV-KBQA decouples logical structure generation from semantic grounding and incorporates structure-aware validation to enhance accuracy. |
What Have We Achieved on Text Summarization? (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for text summarization have been investigated, but there are still gaps between them and human professionals. |
| Approach: | They analyze 8 major sources of errors on 10 representative summarization models manually. |
| Outcome: | Aiming to gain more understanding of summarization systems with respect to their strengths and limitations on a fine-grained syntactic and semantic level, we use 8 major sources of errors on 10 representative summarizing models. |
iTool: Reinforced Fine-Tuning with Dynamic Deficiency Calibration for Advanced Tool Use (2025.emnlp-main)
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Yirong Zeng, Xiao Ding, Yuxian Wang, Weiwen Liu, Yutai Hou, Wu Ning, Xu Huang, Duyu Tang, Dandan Tu, Bing Qin, Ting Liu
| Challenge: | Synthesizing tool-use data through real-world simulations is effective for enhancing large language models (LLMs) however, training gains decay as synthetic data increases, and the model struggles to benefit from more synthetic data. |
| Approach: | They propose an iterative reinforced fine-tuning strategy to improve LLMs with external tools to augment their capabilities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves 13.11% better performance than the same-size base model and outperforms larger open-source and closed-source models. |
TinyJudge: Unverifiable Constraint Alignment via Lightweight Specialist Ensembles (2026.acl-long)
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Yirong Zeng, Yufei Liu, Xiao Ding, Yutai Hou, Yuxian Wang, Wu Ning, Haonan Song, Dandan Tu, Qixun Zhang, Yuxiang He, Bibo Cai, Ting Liu
| Challenge: | Instruction Following (IF) is a core capability of LLMs, requiring strict adherence to diverse constraints. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that uses tiny language models to evaluate instruction following . they propose to use a set of specialized tiny language model to provide rewards for soft constraints. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline models by 12% and speeds up training time by 3. |
CompKBQA: Component-wise Task Decomposition for Knowledge Base Question Answering (2025.emnlp-main)
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Yuhang Tian, Dandan Song, Zhijing Wu, Pan Yang, Changzhi Zhou, Jun Yang, Hao Wang, Huipeng Ma, Chenhao Li, Luan Zhang
| Challenge: | Existing knowledge base question answering methods struggle with complex queries. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that optimizes the process of fine-tuning a LLM for generating logical forms by enabling it to learn relevant sub-tasks like skeleton generation, topic entity generation, and relevant relations generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art on two benchmark KBQA datasets, WebQSP and CWQ. |