Papers by Curtis Langlotz
Improving the Factual Correctness of Radiology Report Generation with Semantic Rewards (2022.findings-emnlp)
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Jean-Benoit Delbrouck, Pierre Chambon, Christian Bluethgen, Emily Tsai, Omar Almusa, Curtis Langlotz
| Challenge: | Neural image-to-text radiology report generation systems have been successful on NLG metrics, but they are not factually complete or consistent due to inadequate training and evaluation. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to improve the factual completeness and correctness of generated radiology reports by using a dataset containing annotated chest X-ray images. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves factual completeness and correctness of generated radiology reports on two open radiology report datasets. |
Improving Factual Completeness and Consistency of Image-to-Text Radiology Report Generation (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing report generation systems suffer from incomplete and inconsistent generation, despite achieving high performance on natural language metrics such as CIDEr and BLEU. |
| Approach: | They propose two new rewards that encourage the generation of factually complete and consistent radiology reports by using an existing semantic equivalence metric. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system significantly improves the F1 score of a clinical information extraction performance on two open radiology report datasets. |
GREEN: Generative Radiology Report Evaluation and Error Notation (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Sophie Ostmeier, Justin Xu, Zhihong Chen, Maya Varma, Louis Blankemeier, Christian Bluethgen, Arne Md, Michael Moseley, Curtis Langlotz, Akshay Chaudhari, Jean-Benoit Delbrouck
| Challenge: | Existing automated evaluation metrics fail to consider factual correctness or are limited in their interpretability. |
| Approach: | They propose a radiology report evaluation metric that leverages natural language understanding of language models to identify and explain clinically significant errors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method demonstrates higher correlation with expert error counts and higher alignment with expert preferences when compared to previous methods. |
RadGraph-XL: A Large-Scale Expert-Annotated Dataset for Entity and Relation Extraction from Radiology Reports (2024.findings-acl)
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Jean-Benoit Delbrouck, Pierre Chambon, Zhihong Chen, Maya Varma, Andrew Johnston, Louis Blankemeier, Dave Van Veen, Tan Bui, Steven Truong, Curtis Langlotz
| Challenge: | RadGraph-XL is an expert-annotated dataset for structured clinical data extraction. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale, expert-annotated dataset for clinical entity and relation extraction using radiology reports. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing methods by up to 52% and outperfies GPT-4 in this domain. |
Toward Expanding the Scope of Radiology Report Summarization to Multiple Anatomies and Modalities (2023.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies are limited to a single modality and a chest X-ray, making it difficult to replicate results or compare approaches. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset to generate an impression section of a radiology report . they propose to use three new modalities and seven new anatomies to evaluate their models . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model is based on the MIMIC-III and MIMIC CXR datasets and evaluates their clinical efficacy via RadGraph, a factual correctness metric. |
Automated Structured Radiology Report Generation (2025.acl-long)
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Jean-Benoit Delbrouck, Justin Xu, Johannes Moll, Alois Thomas, Zhihong Chen, Sophie Ostmeier, Asfandyar Azhar, Kelvin Zhenghao Li, Andrew Johnston, Christian Bluethgen, Eduardo Pontes Reis, Mohamed S Muneer, Maya Varma, Curtis Langlotz
| Challenge: | Existing models struggle to produce consistent, clinically meaningful reports and standard evaluation metrics fail to capture the nuances of radiological interpretation. |
| Approach: | They propose to reformulate free-text radiology reports into a standardized format, ensuring clarity, consistency, and structured clinical reporting. |
| Outcome: | The proposed task reformulates free-text radiology reports into a standardized format, ensuring clarity, consistency, and structured clinical reporting. |
Structuring Radiology Reports: Challenging LLMs with Lightweight Models (2025.emnlp-main)
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Johannes Moll, Louisa Fay, Asfandyar Azhar, Sophie Ostmeier, Sergios Gatidis, Tim C. Lueth, Curtis Langlotz, Jean-Benoit Delbrouck
| Challenge: | Radiology reports lack a standardized format, limiting both interpretability and machine learning applications. |
| Approach: | They propose to use lightweight encoder-decoder models for structuring radiology reports . they compare models with eight open-source LLMs with prompting and in-context learning . |
| Outcome: | The proposed models outperform eight open-source LLMs on a human-annotated test set. |
CheXalign: Preference fine-tuning in chest X-ray interpretation models without human feedback (2025.acl-long)
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Dennis Hein, Zhihong Chen, Sophie Ostmeier, Justin Xu, Maya Varma, Eduardo Pontes Reis, Arne Edward Michalson Md, Christian Bluethgen, Hyun Joo Shin, Curtis Langlotz, Akshay S Chaudhari
| Challenge: | Radiologists are a crucial role in translating medical images into actionable reports . however, the field faces staffing shortages and increasing workloads . |
| Approach: | They propose an automated pipeline for preference feedback focusing on chest X-ray radiology report generation (RRG) method leverages publicly available datasets containing pairs of images and radiologist-written reference reports with reference-based metrics, or Judges. |
| Outcome: | The proposed pipeline achieves state-of-the-art CheXbert scores on the MIMIC-CXR dataset while on average maintaining robust performance across six additional image perception and reasoning tasks. |
ViLMedic: a framework for research at the intersection of vision and language in medical AI (2022.acl-demo)
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Jean-benoit Delbrouck, Khaled Saab, Maya Varma, Sabri Eyuboglu, Pierre Chambon, Jared Dunnmon, Juan Zambrano, Akshay Chaudhari, Curtis Langlotz
| Challenge: | Multimodal medical AI is a growing field of interest, especially for tasks that involve multimodal data. |
| Approach: | They propose a vision-and-language medical library to improve multimodal medical predictions and enable new applications. |
| Outcome: | The vision-and-language medical library aims to improve reproducibility and speed up progress across medical AI . it contains a dozen implementations replicating state-of-the-art results on medical datasets . the library is extensible by researchers but also simple for practitioners . |
Optimizing the Factual Correctness of a Summary: A Study of Summarizing Radiology Reports (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing abstractive summarization models do not guarantee factual correctness of summaries . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework where models evaluate factual correctness by fact-checking it against its reference using an information extraction module. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves the factual correctness and overall quality of outputs over a competitive neural summarization system, producing radiology summaries that approach the quality of human-authored ones. |