Challenge: a task-oriented dialogue system is based on task-specific ontologies that constrain slots to specific values . we present a conversational search engine that can be used to search for restaurant reservations .
Approach: They propose a conversational search engine that supports task-oriented dialogue . the polyresponse engine is trained on hundreds of millions of examples extracted from real conversations .
Outcome: The proposed system is available in 8 different languages.

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Challenge: a task-oriented dialogue system needs high conversational capability and can be easily adaptable to changing situations.
Approach: They propose a retrieval-based conversational model that can rank a large set of responses . they propose supervised training and fine-tuning on limited data collected through a human-in-the-loop platform .
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Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for Task-oriented Dialogue with Dialogue State Representation (C18-1)

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Challenge: Existing pipeline models for task-oriented dialogue system require explicit modeling of dialogue states and hand-crafted action spaces to query domain-specific knowledge base.
Approach: They propose a framework that leverages the advantages of classic pipeline and sequence-to-sequence models.
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Q-TOD: A Query-driven Task-oriented Dialogue System (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing pipelined task-oriented dialogue systems have difficulties adapting to unseen domains . end-to-end systems are plagued by large-scale knowledge bases in practice .
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UniRetriever: Multi-task Candidates Selection for Various Context-Adaptive Conversational Retrieval (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for retrieving information from a large corpus of data are sub-optimal and low efficiency.
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ProTOD: Proactive Task-oriented Dialogue System Based on Large Language Model (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing task-oriented dialogue systems engage with users in a reactive manner, relying on a basic single-query mechanism and employing passive policy planning.
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Conversational Tree Search: A New Hybrid Dialog Task (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing conversational interfaces are limited to FAQs and dialogs, allowing users to search for specific questions.
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A Textual Dataset for Situated Proactive Response Selection (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent data-driven conversational models can return fluent, consistent, and informative responses to many kinds of requests and utterances in task-oriented scenarios.
Approach: They propose a task of proactive response selection based on situational information and a dataset of 1.7k English conversation examples that include situational background information and for each conversation a set of responses.
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Action-Based Conversations Dataset: A Corpus for Building More In-Depth Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing goal-oriented dialogue datasets focus on identifying slots and values, but in reality, customer service agents follow multi-step procedures derived from explicit company policies.
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Improving Dialogue State Tracking through Combinatorial Search for In-Context Examples (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for training dialogue state tracking data are suboptimal . existing methods rely on suboptimized data, resulting in poor performance .
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ConvGQR: Generative Query Reformulation for Conversational Search (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to determine a good search query from the whole conversation context are expensive and often lead to sub-optimal results.
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