Challenge: Recent advances in representation learning have separated progress in both IR and MC . few studies have examined the relationship between retrieval and comprehension at different levels of granularity for development of MRS systems.
Approach: They propose a simple yet effective pipeline system with consideration on hierarchical semantic retrieval at both paragraph and sentence level and their potential effects on the downstream task.
Outcome: The proposed system achieves state-of-the-art on the leaderboard test sets of both FEVER and HOTPOTQA.

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models have achieved great success on Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) however, the poor support in evidence extraction hinders them from further advancing MRC.
Approach: They propose a REtrieval-based pre-training approach that strengthens evidence extraction during pre-training by inherited downstream MRC tasks.
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Benchmarking Machine Reading Comprehension: A Psychological Perspective (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: MRC is a task that tests the ability of a machine to read and understand unstructured text.
Approach: They propose a theoretical basis for the design of MRC datasets based on psychology and psychometrics and propose shortcut-proof questions and explanations as a part of the task design.
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Numerical reasoning in machine reading comprehension tasks: are we there yet? (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Numerical reasoning based machine reading comprehension models have achieved near-human performance on a variety of benchmarks, but are they capable of learning to reason?
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Cross-Domain Modeling of Sentence-Level Evidence for Document Retrieval (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing test collections provide only document-level relevance judgments, and documents exceed the length that BERT was designed to handle.
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Towards Medical Machine Reading Comprehension with Structural Knowledge and Plain Text (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: MRC has achieved significant progress on the open domain in recent years due to large-scale pre-trained language models.
Approach: They propose a machine reading comprehension model which exploits structural medical knowledge and reference medical plain text to improve the exam's accuracy.
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Rethinking Semantic Parsing for Large Language Models: Enhancing LLM Performance with Semantic Hints (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: Semantic Parsing improves performance of smaller models, but it is unclear whether it extends similarly to large language models.
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Cross-Task Knowledge Transfer for Query-Based Text Summarization (D19-58)

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Challenge: Existing methods for summarization data corpora are limited to extractive and abstractive summarizing.
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Knowledge-Empowered Representation Learning for Chinese Medical Reading Comprehension: Task, Model and Resources (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: MRC is a popular task in NLP, aiming to understand a passage and answer the relevant questions.
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A Survey of Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval: Progress and Challenges (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval (RIR) targets retrieval settings where relevance is mediated by latent inferential links between a query and supporting evidence, rather than semantic similarity.
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A Framework for Evaluation of Machine Reading Comprehension Gold Standards (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing literature on machine reading comprehension (MRC) data is limited on the data design of gold standards.
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