Challenge: Existing methods for mapping monolingual word embeddings into another are based on anchor points and unsupervised methods are more adversarial.
Approach: They propose a noise-tolerant piecewise linear technique to learn a non-linear mapping between two monolingual word embedding vector spaces.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art in lower resourced settings with an average of 3.7% improvement of precision @10 across 14 mostly low resourced languages.

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A Simple Approach to Learning Unsupervised Multilingual Embeddings (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent work on unsupervised cross-lingual embeddings in the bilingual setting has given the impetus to learning a shared embeddable space for several languages.
Approach: They propose to solve two sub-problems together to learn a shared embedding space for several languages.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms existing methods in bilingual lexicon induction, cross-lingual word similarity, multilingual document classification, and multilingual dependency parsing tasks.
Anchor-based Bilingual Word Embeddings for Low-Resource Languages (2021.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to build monolingual word embeddings rely on a cheap bilingual signal and monolingual data.
Approach: They propose a method where the vector space of the high resource source language is used as a starting point for training an embedding space for the low resource target language.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves bilingual lexicon induction performance and target language MWE quality.
Bilingual Lexicon Induction via Unsupervised Bitext Construction and Word Alignment (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for bilingual lexicon induction are linear and require simplifying assumptions.
Approach: They propose methods that combine unsupervised bitext mining and unsupervised word alignment to produce higher quality lexicons.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art on the BUCC 2020 task by 14 F1 points . further analysis suggests they are comparable quality .
Beyond Offline Mapping: Learning Cross-lingual Word Embeddings through Context Anchoring (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent research on cross-lingual word embeddings has been dominated by unsupervised mapping approaches that align monolingual embedders.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised mapping approach that fixes fixed embeddings and learns new ones for the source language that are aligned with them.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms conventional mapping methods on bilingual lexicon induction and obtains competitive results in the downstream XNLI task.
Enhancing Cross-lingual Sentence Embedding for Low-resource Languages with Word Alignment (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Current approaches to obtain cross-lingual sentence embeddings rely on pre-trained language models that implicitly align the contextual representations of similar units of sentences in different languages.
Approach: They propose a framework that explicitly aligns words between English and eight low-resource languages by using off-the-shelf word alignment models.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves on the bitext retrieval task and in high-resource languages.
Cross-Lingual Word Embeddings for Turkic Languages (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing techniques to align monolingual embeddings are difficult to use because of low resources.
Approach: They propose to use existing techniques to align monolingual embedding spaces for Turkic, Uzbek, Azeri, Kazakh and Kyrgyz languages.
Outcome: The proposed techniques outperform existing techniques on bilingual dictionaries and an extrinsic task.
Improving Cross-Lingual Word Embeddings by Meeting in the Middle (D18-1)

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Challenge: Cross-lingual word embeddings are becoming increasingly important in multilingual NLP.
Approach: They propose to apply an additional transformation after initial alignment to align two disjoint monolingual vector spaces.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art models in monolingual and cross-lingual evaluation tasks.
Hierarchical Mapping for Crosslingual Word Embedding Alignment (2020.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Existing strategies that map word embeddings into a crosslingual space are biased towards the choice of the pivot language.
Approach: They propose to map any two languages into a different middle space by learning mappings across languages in a hierarchical way.
Outcome: The proposed strategy significantly improves vocabulary induction scores in all existing benchmarks and in a new non-English–centered benchmark.
A Graph-based Coarse-to-fine Method for Unsupervised Bilingual Lexicon Induction (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Recent methods for bilingual lexicon induction are based on unsupervised cross-lingual word embeddings . previous methods only use word-level information, which is limited and inaccurate .
Approach: They propose a graph-based approach to induce bilingual lexicons in a coarse-to-fine way . they use word cliques from graphs and aligned clique-level words to find initial translation solution .
Outcome: The proposed method improves the performance of bilingual lexicon induction compared with previous methods.
LNMap: Departures from Isomorphic Assumption in Bilingual Lexicon Induction Through Non-Linear Mapping in Latent Space (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for bilingual lexicon induction are mapping-based, but they do not hold for closely related languages.
Approach: They propose a semi-supervised method to learn cross-lingual word embeddings for BLI using a linear mapping function and a latent space of two independently trained autoencoders.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing models on 15 different language pairs on both directions.

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