Challenge: Recent work on unsupervised cross-lingual embeddings in the bilingual setting has given the impetus to learning a shared embeddable space for several languages.
Approach: They propose to solve two sub-problems together to learn a shared embedding space for several languages.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms existing methods in bilingual lexicon induction, cross-lingual word similarity, multilingual document classification, and multilingual dependency parsing tasks.

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Learning Unsupervised Multilingual Word Embeddings with Incremental Multilingual Hubs (N19-1)

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Challenge: Recent research has found that a shared bilingual word embedding space can be induced by projecting monolingual word embeds from two languages without any bilingual supervision.
Approach: They propose a framework for learning unsupervised multilingual word embeddings that mitigates instability issues for distant language pairs.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on two downstream tasks outperforming even supervised baselines.
A robust self-learning method for fully unsupervised cross-lingual mappings of word embeddings (P18-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods to learn cross-lingual word embeddings have failed in more realistic scenarios . a fully unsupervised initialization and a robust self-learning algorithm are needed to improve the existing methods.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised initialization method that exploits structural similarity of embeddings and a robust self-learning algorithm that iteratively improves it.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves the best published results in standard datasets even surpassing previous supervised systems.
Unsupervised Joint Training of Bilingual Word Embeddings (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for unsupervised bilingual word embeddings are limited by the dissimilarity between the word embedded spaces.
Approach: They propose a method that trains unsupervised bilingual word embeddings jointly on parallel data generated through unsupervised machine translation.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms unsupervised mapped bilingual word embeddings in cross-lingual NLP tasks.
A Closer Look on Unsupervised Cross-lingual Word Embeddings Mapping (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for word embeddings are limited to a single, unannotated corpus, which means that word representations with similar meaning in distinct languages can be very different.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised method for cross-lingual word embedding mapping that uses stochastic initialization and isometric initialization to verify the method's robustness.
Outcome: The proposed method is robust on different embedding representations and new language pairs, particularly those involving Slavic languages like Polish or Czech.
Unsupervised Cross-lingual Transfer of Word Embedding Spaces (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for cross-lingual word mapping require cross-linguistic supervision, but this is not available for many low resource languages.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised method that learns transformation functions over corresponding word embedding spaces using a distributed distributional matching algorithm.
Outcome: The proposed method performs better on bilingual lexicon induction and cross-lingual word similarity prediction datasets than other supervised and unsupervised methods.
On the Robustness of Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Cross-lingual Word Embedding Learning (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Cross-lingual word embeddings are vector representations of words in different languages where words with similar meaning are represented by similar vectors, regardless of the language.
Approach: They propose to evaluate multiple cross-lingual word embedding models and compare their strengths and limitations to evaluate their effectiveness.
Outcome: The proposed models perform well with noisy text and language pairs with major differences.
Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Representation Learning (P19-4)

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Challenge: a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge weakly-supervised and unsupervised cross-lingual word representations is presented .
Approach: This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of recent work on weakly-supervised and unsupervised cross-lingual word representations.
Outcome: This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge weakly-supervised and unsupervised word representations.
Unsupervised Multilingual Word Embedding with Limited Resources using Neural Language Models (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods that map word embeddings into a common space without any parallel data or pre-training have been proposed that are limited in resources and perform poorly under resource-poor conditions.
Approach: They propose a model that maps monolingual word embeddings into a common space without any parallel data and generates multilingual embeddables without any pre-training.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods on word alignment tasks on low-resource conditions and with limited resources.
Beyond Offline Mapping: Learning Cross-lingual Word Embeddings through Context Anchoring (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent research on cross-lingual word embeddings has been dominated by unsupervised mapping approaches that align monolingual embedders.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised mapping approach that fixes fixed embeddings and learns new ones for the source language that are aligned with them.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms conventional mapping methods on bilingual lexicon induction and obtains competitive results in the downstream XNLI task.
A Robust Self-Learning Method for Fully Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Mappings of Word Embeddings: Making the Method Robustly Reproducible as Well (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for fully unsupervised cross-lingual mapping of word embeddings are available to achieve such a mapping .
Approach: They reproduce the experiments of Artetxe and Sgaard (2018) . they propose a robust self-learning method for fully unsupervised cross-lingual mappings of word embeddings.
Outcome: The proposed method is feasible with minor assumptions, and it is able to be replicated in four languages.

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