Challenge: a lack of benchmarks capture real-world, cross-platform heterogeneity in GUI training . traditional methods to train GUI agents rely on centralized data collection and manual labeling .
Approach: They propose a benchmark for developing and evaluating federated GUI agents across mobile, web and desktop platforms.
Outcome: The proposed benchmarks show that cross-platform collaboration improves performance and identify platform and OS as the most influential factors.

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FedMABench: Benchmarking Mobile GUI Agents on Decentralized Heterogeneous User Data (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Mobile GUI agents have attracted tremendous research participation recently. traditional approaches to mobile agent training rely on centralized data collection.
Approach: They propose a benchmark for federated training and evaluation of mobile GUI agents . they find that federation algorithms consistently outperform local training .
Outcome: The first benchmark for federated training and evaluation of mobile GUI agents is released . it features 6 datasets with 30+ subsets, 8 federation algorithms, 10+ base models, and over 800 apps across 5 categories .
FedNLP: Benchmarking Federated Learning Methods for Natural Language Processing Tasks (2022.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Increasing concerns and regulations about data privacy necessitate the study of privacy-preserving, decentralized learning methods for natural language processing tasks.
Approach: They propose a framework for evaluating federated learning methods on four different tasks . they propose federation between Transformer-based language models and FL methods .
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FedPETuning: When Federated Learning Meets the Parameter-Efficient Tuning Methods of Pre-trained Language Models (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing research on federated learning (FL) for pre-trained language models (PLMs) with increasing concerns about data privacy, enterprises or institutions are not allowed to collect data from end devices or local clients to a centralized server for fine-tuning PLMs.
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LearnAct: Few-Shot Mobile GUI Agent with a Unified Demonstration Benchmark (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Mobile GUI agents show promise in automating tasks but face significant generalization challenges in long-tail scenarios.
Approach: They propose a benchmark framework for mobile GUI agents that measures the performance of GUI agents by analyzing their performance.
Outcome: The LearnGUI benchmark outperforms existing methods in offline and online evaluations and demonstrates consistent gains across model architectures.
TransBench: Breaking Barriers for Transferable Graphical User Interface Agents in Dynamic Digital Environments (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing GUI agents struggle to adapt to dynamic and interconnected nature of real-world digital environments, authors show .
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate the transferability of GUI agents across three key dimensions . transBench includes 15 app categories with diverse functionalities .
Outcome: The proposed benchmark shows that existing GUI agents struggle to adapt to dynamic, interconnected environments.
MAS-Bench: A Unified Benchmark for Shortcut-Augmented Hybrid Mobile GUI Agents (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Shortcuts such as APIs and deep-links have emerged as efficient complements to flexible GUI operations, but systematic evaluation of GUI–shortcut hybrid agents remains underexplored.
Approach: They propose a benchmark that evaluates GUI-shortcut hybrid agents with a specific focus on the mobile domain.
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FEDLEGAL: The First Real-World Federated Learning Benchmark for Legal NLP (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: federated learning (FL) is a promising technique for preserving data privacy . however, there is no work on applying FL to legal NLP .
Approach: They propose to use federated learning to train models in a collaborative way without sharing data . they propose to test the FL benchmark on real-world legal data from Chinese courts .
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MPR-GUI: Benchmarking and Enhancing Multilingual Perception and Reasoning in GUI Agents (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing GUI benchmarks lack fine-grained diagnostics to identify which capabilities lead to task failures.
Approach: They propose a multilingual P R GUI Benchmark to assess LVLMs' language capabilities . they propose XLI to align non-English hidden states with English ones during inference .
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MobileBench-OL: A Comprehensive Chinese Benchmark for Evaluating Mobile GUI Agents in Real-World Environment (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents highlight the growing need for comprehensive evaluation benchmarks.
Approach: They propose an online benchmark with 1080 tasks from 80 Chinese apps that measures task execution, complex reasoning, noise robustness and auto-eval framework with a reset mechanism.
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Optimizing Cross-Client Domain Coverage for Federated Instruction Tuning of Large Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Federated domain-specific instruction tuning (FedDIT) for large language models (LLMs) aims to enhance performance in specialized domains using distributed private and limited data.
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