Challenge: Prior work limits search depth to reduce cost, but this often leads to underexploration of complex questions.
Approach: They propose a reinforcement learning framework that evaluates each search step via self-generated intermediate answers.
Outcome: Extensive experiments on multiple benchmarks show that AutoSearch achieves a superior accuracy-efficiency trade-off, alleviating over-searching while preserving search quality.

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Search Wisely: Mitigating Sub-optimal Agentic Searches By Reducing Uncertainty (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled their use in informationintensive tasks such as question answering and knowledge synthesis.
Approach: They propose a reinforcement learning-based training method that incorporates confidence thresholds to reward high-certainty search decisions.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baseline models on seven QA benchmarks and demonstrates that it is more efficient than existing methods.
Is Agentic RAG worth it? An experimental comparison of RAG approaches (2026.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have several limitations, including noisy or suboptimal retrieval, misuse of retrieval for out-of-scope queries, weak query–document matching, and variability or cost associated with the generator.
Approach: They propose to use a "Enhanced" RAG to address weaknesses in the workflow . they propose to orchestrate the entire process, deciding which actions to perform, when to perform them, and whether to iterate .
Outcome: The proposed models address shortcomings in the RAG workflow, and provide practical insights into the trade-offs between them.
Adaptive-RAG: Learning to Adapt Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models through Question Complexity (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) generate factually incorrect answers based on their parametric memory.
Approach: They propose a retrieval-augmented large language model that can dynamically select the most suitable strategy based on query complexity.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves the performance of QA systems on open-domain QA datasets.
Data-Centric Perspectives on Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Survey (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at natural language understanding and generation, yet rely on static pre-training data.
Approach: They propose to augment Large Language Models with external retrieval to ground model outputs . traditional RAG is constrained by a fixed retrieve-then-generate routine . authors aim to guide creation of high-quality datasets for next generation of adaptive LLM agents .
Outcome: The proposed model can decompose tasks, issue exploratory queries, and refine evidence through iterative retrieval.
DecEx-RAG: Boosting Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Decision and Execution Optimization via Process Supervision (2025.emnlp-industry)

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Challenge: Recent advances in outcome-supervised reinforcement learning (RL) have shown strong performance, but this approach still suffers from inefficient exploration, sparse reward signals, and ambiguous global reward feedback.
Approach: They propose a model that models RAG as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and introduces an efficient pruning strategy to optimize data expansion.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods and achieves an average performance improvement of 6.2% across six datasets.
s3: You Don’t Need That Much Data to Train a Search Agent via RL (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to optimize retrieval using search-only metrics ignore downstream utility and fine-tune entire LLM to jointly reason and retrieve limit retrieval utility and compatibility with frozen or proprietary models.
Approach: They propose a lightweight, model-agnostic framework that decouples the searcher from the generator and trains the search user using a Gain Beyond RAG reward.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines trained on over 70 more data with 2.4k training samples.
Agentic-R: Learning to Retrieve for Agentic Search (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing retrievers for single-turn retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) rely on similarity-based retrievers, but similar passages are not always useful for final answer generation.
Approach: They propose a retrieval-augmented-generation retriever that integrates reasoning with retrieval . they use local query-passage relevance and global answer correctness to measure passage utility .
Outcome: The proposed retriever outperforms existing retrievers on QA benchmarks on seven single-hop and multi-hop searches.
MBA-RAG: a Bandit Approach for Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation through Question Complexity (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing RAG frameworks either indiscriminately perform retrieval or rely on rigid single-label classifiers to select retrieval methods.
Approach: They propose a framework that dynamically selects the most suitable retrieval strategy based on query complexity.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art results on multiple single-hop and multi-hop datasets while reducing retrieval costs.
R3-RAG: Learning Step-by-Step Reasoning and Retrieval for LLMs via Reinforcement Learning (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: RAG systems that integrate external knowledge with Large Language Models often become bottlenecks due to their limited parameters compared to LLMs and their inability to perform step-by-step reasoning.
Approach: They propose a model that integrates external knowledge with Large Language Models to enhance factual correctness and mitigate hallucination.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baselines and can transfer well to different retrievers.
Search-o1: Agentic Search-Enhanced Large Reasoning Models (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated impressive long stepwise reasoning capabilities through large-scale reinforcement learning.
Approach: They propose a framework that enhances large reasoning models with an agentic retrieval-augmented generation mechanism and a Reason-in-Documents module for refining retrieved documents.
Outcome: The proposed framework enhances LRMs with an agentic retrieval-augmented generation mechanism and Reason-in-Documents module for refining retrieved documents.

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