Challenge: Recent studies have shown that effective filters can be created by utilising Large Language Models to synthetically label data, which is then used to train smaller neural models for filtering purposes.
Approach: They extend this approach to languages beyond English to train neural models for filtering purposes.
Outcome: The proposed approach is effective at filtering parallel text for translation quality and filtering for domain specificity.

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Beyond Decoder-only: Large Language Models Can be Good Encoders for Machine Translation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in machine translation have focused on a single pre-trained decoder . encoder-decoder architectures have received relatively little attention in NMT .
Approach: They propose a method that leverages LLMs as MT encoders and pairs them with lightweight decoders to develop universal translation models.
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Pretraining Language Models Using Translationese (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: a recent study shows that large language models perform well in low-resource languages . a vast majority of languages don't have comparable data as compared to English .
Approach: They propose to use Translationese as synthetic data for pre-training language models for low-resource languages.
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Mastering the Craft of Data Synthesis for CodeLLMs (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in code understanding and generation.
Approach: They propose a systematic review of large language models and their taxonomy and propose specialized LLMs for code-related tasks.
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Better as Generators Than Classifiers: Leveraging LLMs and Synthetic Data for Low-Resource Multilingual Classification (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable multilingual capabilities, making them promising tools in both high- and low-resource languages.
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Synthetic Data Generation with Large Language Models for Text Classification: Potential and Limitations (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent studies have explored using large language models to generate synthetic datasets . however, the effectiveness of the LLM-generated synthetic data is inconsistent across different classification tasks.
Approach: They propose to use large language models to generate synthetic datasets to better understand factors that moderate the effectiveness of LLM-generated synthetic data.
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Judging Quality Across Languages: A Multilingual Approach to Pretraining Data Filtering with Language Models (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing open-source multilingual datasets rely on heuristic filtering methods restricting both their cross-lingual transferability and scalability.
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Is Translation All You Need? A Study on Solving Multilingual Tasks with Large Language Models (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated multilingual capabilities, yet they are mostly English-centric due to the imbalanced training corpora.
Approach: They extend the evaluation to real-world user queries and non-English-centric LLMs . they show that translation into English can boost LLM performance on NLP tasks .
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A Recipe of Parallel Corpora Exploitation for Multilingual Large Language Models (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent studies have highlighted the potential of exploiting parallel corpora to enhance multilingual large language models.
Approach: They investigate the impact of parallel corpora quality and quantity, training objectives, and model size on performance of multilingual large language models enhanced with parallel corporeal.
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On LLMs-Driven Synthetic Data Generation, Curation, and Evaluation: A Survey (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) provide a data-centric solution to alleviate limitations of real-world data with synthetic data generation.
Approach: They propose a generic workflow for LLM-driven synthetic data generation.
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On-the-Fly Fusion of Large Language Models and Machine Translation (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: a weaker-at-translation LLM can improve translations of a NMT model, compared to a strong dedicated model.
Approach: They propose to ensemble a neural machine translation model with a large language model, prompted on the same task and input.
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