Challenge: Existing zero-shot text-to-speech systems struggle in challenging scenarios such as tongue twisters, repeated words, code-switching, and cross-lingual synthesis.
Approach: They propose a dataset that leverages preference alignment techniques to improve performance . they also extend the Direct Preference Optimization framework to accommodate diverse TTS architectures .
Outcome: The proposed dataset improves intelligibility, similarity, and audio quality for multiple models across domains.

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Data-efficient Targeted Token-level Preference Optimization for LLM-based Text-to-Speech (2026.acl-short)

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Challenge: Recent work has shown that text-to-speech (TTS) models generate contextaware pronunciations from raw text without morphological analysis.
Approach: They propose a preference optimization algorithm that aligns text-to-speech (TTS) outputs with human feedback.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the challenging Japanese pronunciation accuracy by 39% and reduces CER by 54%.
FC-TTS: Style and Timbre Control in Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech with Disentangled Speech Representations (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) have enabled accurate imitation of reference speech in terms of both speaking style and speaker timbre.
Approach: They propose a zero-shot text-to-speech framework that enables disentangled control of style and timbre by conditioning on two distinct reference utterances.
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VoxpopuliTTS: a large-scale multilingual TTS corpus for zero-shot speech generation (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing multilingual TTS datasets are limited in speech generation fields due to lack of quality data.
Approach: They propose to use 30,000 hours of high-quality speech data across 3 languages . they filter out low-quality text-text pairs and concatenate short transcripts .
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Koel-TTS: Enhancing LLM based Speech Generation with Preference Alignment and Classifier Free Guidance (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Autoregressive speech token generation models suffer from hallucinations and undesired vocalizations that do not conform to conditioning inputs.
Approach: They propose an encoder-decoder transformer model that improves contextual adherence of speech token generation LLMs through preference alignment and classifier-free guidance.
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Low-Resource Multilingual and Zero-Shot Multispeaker TTS (2022.aacl-main)

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Challenge: Currently, the amount of data needed for TTS is limited to the vast majority of the spoken languages.
Approach: They propose to use language agnostic meta learning procedure to learn speaking a new language with just 5 minutes of training data while retaining the ability to infer the voice of even unseen speakers.
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Scaling Under-Resourced TTS: A Data-Optimized Framework with Advanced Acoustic Modeling for Thai (2025.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Text-to-speech (TTS) systems are limited by limited data and linguistic complexities.
Approach: They propose a data-optimized framework with an advanced acoustic model to build high-quality TTS systems for low-resource scenarios.
Outcome: The proposed framework enables zero-shot voice cloning and improved performance across diverse client applications, including finance, healthcare, education, and law.
MultiVerse: Efficient and Expressive Zero-Shot Multi-Task Text-to-Speech (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Text-to-speech systems that scale up the amount of training data have certain limitations: they require a large amount of data, which increases costs, and overlook prosody similarity.
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DPO Kernels: A Semantically-Aware, Kernel-Enhanced, and Divergence-Rich Paradigm for Direct Preference Optimization (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a cornerstone for preference alignment but is constrained by fixed divergence measures and limited feature transformations.
Approach: They propose a new enhancement of Direct Preference Optimization that integrates kernel methods to overcome these challenges.
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A Simple and Effective Method to Improve Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing zero-shot cross-lingual transfer methods rely on parallel corpora or bilingual dictionaries . however, its effect is limited by the gap between embedding clusters of different languages .
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Takin-VC: Expressive Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Adaptive Hybrid Content Encoding and Enhanced Timbre Modeling (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Expressive zero-shot voice conversion (VC) aims to modify source timbre to match unseen speaker . existing zero- shot VC systems struggle to reproduce paralinguistic information in highly expressive speech .
Approach: They propose a framework for expressive zero-shot voice conversion that uses hybrid content encoding and memory-augmented context-aware timbre modeling.
Outcome: The proposed framework surpasses state-of-the-art VC systems in speech naturalness, speaker similarity, and speaker similarness.

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