Challenge: a recent study has shown that homework is never graded or is done superficially.
Approach: They propose a prompting strategy that enables GPT-4 to conduct interactive homework sessions for high school students learning English as a second language.
Outcome: The proposed solution improves homework in high school students learning English as a second language with minimal effort in content preparation, one of the key challenges of alternative methods.

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Using LLMs to simulate students’ responses to exam questions (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies have used Large Language Models to simulate students answering exam questions . a proposed prompt for GPT-3.5 is not suitable for all LLMs, and there is no correlation between the quality of the rationales obtained with the model and the accuracy of the student simulation task.
Approach: They propose a large language model prompt engineered for GPT-3.5 that can be used to answer exam questions simulating students of different skill levels.
Outcome: The proposed prompt is robust to different educational domains and generalise to data unseen during prompt engineering phase.
Reframing Instructional Prompts to GPTk’s Language (2022.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Using reframing techniques, we find that instructional prompts are easier to follow for Language Models (LMs)
Approach: They propose reframing techniques for manual reformulation of prompts into more effective ones . they compare performance of LMs prompted with reframed instructions on 12 NLP tasks .
Outcome: The reframing techniques used for prompt reformulation improve performance on 12 tasks . the techniques boost performance on LMs with different sizes compared with original prompts .
Benchmarking GPT-4 on Algorithmic Problems: A Systematic Evaluation of Prompting Strategies (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing . however, it has been shown that they lack systematic generalization, which allows to extrapolate the learned statistical regularities outside the training distribution.
Approach: They propose to benchmark a LLM with two parameters to find out its performance . they compare it to a variant of the Transformer-Encoder architecture to find the same problem .
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Position: LLMs Can be Good Tutors in English Education (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent efforts to integrate large language models into English education lack adaptability to language learning.
Approach: They argue that large language models can be effective tutors in English education . they encourage interdisciplinary research to explore these roles, fostering innovation and risks .
Outcome: The proposed models can play three critical roles: 1) as data enhancers, 2) as task predictors, 3) as agents, enabling personalized and inclusive education.
On the Effectiveness of Prompt-Moderated LLMs for Math Tutoring at the Tertiary Level (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have been studied intensively in the context of education, yielding heterogeneous results.
Approach: They conduct a three-phase study with 49 students receiving a review of the topics, solving exercises, and writing an exam.
Outcome: The prompt-moderated LLMs performed better than the unmoderated model .
Prompt-R1: Collaborative Automatic Prompting Framework via End-to-end Reinforcement Learning (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing large language models are limited in understanding, reasoning, calculation, and generation, limiting their performance in complex reasoning and dynamic tasks.
Approach: They propose a plug-and-play framework that integrates a small-scale LLM (as agent) with large-scale large-level LLMs (a as environment) they propose generating prompts that are used to interact with LLM, and a double constraint reward that optimizes correctness and quality of generation.
Outcome: The proposed framework significantly outperforms baseline large-scale large-language models across various tasks.
Teaching-Inspired Integrated Prompting Framework: A Novel Approach for Enhancing Reasoning in Large Language Models (2025.coling-industry)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance across various domains but struggle with arithmetic reasoning tasks.
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Metacognitive Prompting Improves Understanding in Large Language Models (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Recent advances in prompting have enhanced reasoning in logic-intensive tasks for LLMs, yet the nuanced understanding abilities of these models remain underexplored.
Approach: They propose a strategy inspired by human introspective reasoning processes to enhance LLMs' understanding abilities.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms chain-of-thought prompting and its advanced versions on ten natural language understanding (NLU) datasets.
Prompterator: Iterate Efficiently towards More Effective Prompts (2023.emnlp-demo)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) use a process known as prompting to solve arbitrary language tasks. prompting is a non-trivial task that requires experimentation in order to arrive at a prompt that solves a specific task.
Approach: They propose a tool that helps users iterate over different potential prompts and choose the best performing one based on human feedback.
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Question-Analysis Prompting Improves LLM Performance in Reasoning Tasks (2024.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing methods to improve LLM performance have focused on sophisticating the model's step-by-step calculation.
Approach: They propose a question analysis prompting strategy in which the model is prompted to explain the question in 'n' words before solving.
Outcome: The proposed prompt outperforms state-of-the-art prompts on arithmetic and commonsense datasets and consistently ranks among the top-2 prompts.

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