Challenge: Sentence-level LIDs are classifiers trained on monolingual texts to provide single labels, typically using a softmax layer to turn scores into probabilities.
Approach: They propose a simple yet effective code-switching language identification method that uses the LID itself to mask features associated with L1 and L2 in the next round.
Outcome: The proposed method is based on two open-source LIDs based in the FastText architecture and does not require any external resources.

Similar Papers

Switch Point biased Self-Training: Re-purposing Pretrained Models for Code-Switching (2021.findings-emnlp)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Code-switching (CS) is a phenomenon of switching between multiple languages . current models cannot handle CS due to lack of annotated data and limited resources.
Approach: They propose a self-training method to repurpose existing models using a switch-point bias by leveraging unannotated data to reduce the gap between the switch point performance and retain overall performance on two distinct language pairs.
Outcome: The proposed model reduces the gap between the switch point performance while retaining the overall performance on two distinct language pairs.
GlotLID: Language Identification for Low-Resource Languages (2023.findings-emnlp)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Existing web-mined datasets for low-resource languages have been useful for low resource NLP.
Approach: They propose a model that identifies 1665 low-resource languages and a new model that is rigorously evaluated and reliable.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baselines when balancing F1 and false positive rate (FPR).
Improving Language Identification for Code-Switched Speech: The Pivotal Role of Accented English (2026.findings-eacl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Existing models fail to identify English spoken with the accent of the matrix (dominant) language.
Approach: They propose to fine tune existing LID models with accented English to improve code-switched LID . they use a metric that captures relative ranking of identified languages often overlooked by traditional metrics.
Outcome: The proposed model can be fine tuned with small amounts of accented English without degrading performance on monolingual speech.
Subword-Level Language Identification for Intra-Word Code-Switching (N19-1)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Code-switching (CS) is a phenomenon of alternating between two or more languages in conversations . if at least one language is morphologically rich, a large number of words can be composed of morphemes from more than one language.
Approach: They propose to extend the language identification task to the subword level by splitting mixed words while tagging each part with a language ID.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the baseline on a Spanish–Wixarika and adapted German–Turkish datasets.
Mask-Predict: Parallel Decoding of Conditional Masked Language Models (D19-1)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: a masked language model is used to train a model to predict subsets of mangled words . a parallel decoding algorithm can be used to generate translations in a constant number of iterations.
Approach: They propose a model and a parallel decoding algorithm which train a machine to predict any subset of target words . they introduce conditional masked language models (CMLMs) which are trained with a mangled language model objective .
Outcome: The proposed model improves state-of-the-art performance levels for non-autoregressive and parallel decoding models by over 4 BLEU on average.
Improving Pretraining Techniques for Code-Switched NLP (2023.acl-long)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Multilingual pretraining models for code-switched inputs are a key component of NLP applications.
Approach: They propose to use masked language modeling techniques to mask code-switched text that are cognizant of language boundaries prior to masking.
Outcome: The proposed techniques improve performance on two downstream tasks, Question Answering (QA) and Sentiment Analysis (SA), compared to standard pretraining techniques.
CommonLID: Re-evaluating State-of-the-Art Language Identification Performance on Web Data (2026.acl-long)

Copied to clipboard

Pedro Ortiz Suarez, Laurie Burchell, Catherine Arnett, Rafael Mosquera, Sara Hincapié Monsalve, Thom Vaughan, Damian Stewart, Malte Ostendorff, Idris Abdulmumin, Vukosi Marivate, Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad, Atnafu Lambebo Tonja, Hend Al-Khalifa, Nadia Ghezaiel Hammouda, Verrah Akinyi Otiende, Tack Hwa Wong, Jakhongir Saydaliev, Melika Nobakhtian, Muhammad Ravi Shulthan Habibi, Chalamalasetti Kranti, Carol Muchemi, Khang Nguyen, Faisal Muhammad Adam, Luis Frentzen Salim, Reem Alqifari, Cynthia Jayne Amol, Joseph Marvin Imperial, Ilker Kesen, Ahmad Mustafid, Pavel Stepachev, Leshem Choshen, David Anugraha, Hamada Nayel, Seid Muhie Yimam, Vallerie Alexandra Putra, My Chiffon Nguyen, Azmine Toushik Wasi, Gouthami Vadithya, Rob Van Der Goot, Lanwenn ar C’horr, Karan Dua, Andrew Yates, Mithil Bangera, Yeshil Bangera, Hitesh Laxmichand Patel, Shu Okabe, Fenal Ashokbhai Ilasariya, Dmitry Gaynullin, Genta Indra Winata, Yiyuan Li, Juan Pablo Martínez, Amit Agarwal, Ikhlasul Akmal Hanif, Raia Abu Ahmad, Esther Adenuga, Filbert Aurelian Tjiaranata, Weerayut Buaphet, Michael Anugraha, Sowmya Vajjala, Benjamin L Rice, Azril Hafizi Amirudin, Jesujoba Oluwadara Alabi, Srikant Panda, Yassine Toughrai, Bruhan Kyomuhendo, Daniel Ruffinelli, null Akshata, Manuel Goulão, Ej Zhou, Ingrid Gabriela Franco Ramirez, Cristina Aggazzotti, Konstantin Dobler, Jun Kevin, Quentin Pagès, Nicholas Andrews, Nuhu Ibrahim, Mattes Ruckdeschel, Amr Keleg, Mike Zhang, Casper Rufaro Muziri, Saron Samuel, Sotaro Takeshita, Kun Kerdthaisong, Luca Foppiano, Rasul Dent, Tommaso Green, Ahmad Mustapha Wali, Kamohelo Makaaka, Vicky Feliren, Inshirah Idris, Hande Celikkanat, Abdulhamid Abubakar, Jean Maillard, Benoît Sagot, Thibault Clérice, Kenton Murray, Sarah K. K. Luger
Challenge: Language identification (LID) is a fundamental step in curating multilingual corpora.
Approach: They introduce CommonLID, a community-driven, human-annotated LID benchmark for the web domain, covering 109 languages.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark covers 109 languages and shows that existing evaluations overestimate accuracy for many languages in the web domain.
Masking as an Efficient Alternative to Finetuning for Pretrained Language Models (2020.emnlp-main)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Extensive evaluations of masking BERT, RoBERTa, and DistilBERT on eleven diverse NLP tasks show that our binary masked language models encode information necessary for solving downstream tasks.
Approach: They propose an efficient method of utilizing pretrained language models where selective binary masks are learned instead of finetuning.
Outcome: Extensive evaluations of masking BERT, RoBERTa, and DistilBERT on eleven diverse NLP tasks show that the proposed method yields comparable performance to finetuning, but has a much smaller memory footprint when multiple tasks need to be solved.
Code-Switched Language Identification is Harder Than You Think (2024.eacl-long)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Code switching (CS) is a common phenomenon in written and spoken communication, but is handled poorly by many NLP applications.
Approach: They propose to use CS language identification for corpus building to make it more realistic by scaling it to more languages and considering models with simpler architectures for faster inference.
Outcome: The proposed system is based on a sentence-level multi-label tagging problem and provides recommendations for future work.
An Open Dataset and Model for Language Identification (2023.acl-short)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Existing LID systems perform poorly on low-resource languages, causing 'representation washing', where the community is given a false view of the actual progress of low-source NLP.
Approach: They propose a model which achieves a macro-average F1 score of 0.93 and a false positive rate of 0.033% across 201 languages, outperforming previous work.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models and datasets on 201 languages and a false positive rate of 0.033%.

What is GenGO?

GenGO is an NLP powered publication search system. It currenctly indexes 30k+ papers from ACL Anthology, and implements multi-aspect summarization, semantic search, and more!

Information

About
Limitations