Challenge: Existing LM-based VC models require offline conversion from source semantics to acoustic features, limiting their deployment to real-time applications.
Approach: They propose a streaming LM-based model for zero-shot voice conversion that uses a fully causal context-aware LM with a temporal-independent acoustic predictor to facilitate real-time conversion given arbitrary speaker prompts and source speech.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves comparable performance to non-streaming VC systems while maintaining a fully causal context-aware LM with a temporal-independent acoustic predictor.

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EZ-VC: Easy Zero-shot Any-to-Any Voice Conversion (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Current voice conversion methods struggle in zero-shot cross-lingual settings . authors develop a method that can be used in zero shot cross-linguistic settings despite advances in technology .
Approach: They propose a voice-conversion model that combines discrete speech representations with a non-autoregressive speech decoder.
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Rhythm Controllable and Efficient Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Shortcut Flow Matching (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods focus on disentangling speakers and content, while others focus on preserving the source's prosody.
Approach: They propose a rhythm-controllable and efficient zero-shot voice conversion model that transforms the source speaker’s timbre into an unseen one while retaining speech content.
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LLMVoX: Autoregressive Streaming Text-to-Speech Model for Any LLM (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing speech-enabled LLMs degrade conversational quality by modifying the LLM, compromising its linguistic capabilities.
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Takin-VC: Expressive Zero-Shot Voice Conversion via Adaptive Hybrid Content Encoding and Enhanced Timbre Modeling (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Expressive zero-shot voice conversion (VC) aims to modify source timbre to match unseen speaker . existing zero- shot VC systems struggle to reproduce paralinguistic information in highly expressive speech .
Approach: They propose a framework for expressive zero-shot voice conversion that uses hybrid content encoding and memory-augmented context-aware timbre modeling.
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LLMs Are Zero-Shot Context-Aware Simultaneous Translators (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing SiMT systems operate on a sentence level, disregarding the context established by previous sentences or the broader context implied by previous words.
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Read to Hear: A Zero-Shot Pronunciation Assessment Using Textual Descriptions and LLMs (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Automatic pronunciation assessment is typically performed by acoustic models trained on audio-score pairs.
Approach: They propose a zero-shot, textual description-based Pronunciation Assessment approach that utilizes human-readable representations of speech signals fed into an LLM to assess pronunciation accuracy and fluency.
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PLAY2PROMPT: Zero-shot Tool Instruction Optimization for LLM Agents via Tool Play (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing solutions for large language models rely on manual rewriting or labeled data for validation . Existing approaches rely only on comprehensive tool documentation and in-context demonstrations .
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Low-Resource Multilingual and Zero-Shot Multispeaker TTS (2022.aacl-main)

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Challenge: Currently, the amount of data needed for TTS is limited to the vast majority of the spoken languages.
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Revisiting LLMs as Zero-Shot Time Series Forecasters: Small Noise Can Break Large Models (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across diverse tasks without domain-specific training, fueling interest in their potential for time series forecasting.
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From Static Inference to Dynamic Interaction: A Survey of Streaming Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing definitions of streaming LLMs are fragmented and lack a systematic taxonomy . large language models are pre-trained on static and full-context corpora .
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