Challenge: Existing methods to improve text classification in education suffer from data scarcity . authors propose a retrieval approach that provides effective learning in educational text classification.
Approach: They propose a retrieval approach that provides effective learning in educational text classification by introducing cross-encoder style texts to a bi-encoding architecture.
Outcome: The proposed method is effective in multi-label scenarios and low-resource tags compared to state-of-the-art models.

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Rethinking Data Augmentation in Text-to-text Paradigm (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to augment training data are limited or marginal, or even diminishing or adverse especially given original training corpus is relatively sufficient or the backbone classifiers are PLM based.
Approach: They propose to integrate text-to-text language models and construct a new two-phase framework for augmentation using two novel schemes.
Outcome: The proposed framework synthesizes new samples benefiting from the knowledge learned from pre-trained language models on two public classification datasets and shows remarkable gains.
Data Augmentation with Hierarchical SQL-to-Question Generation for Cross-domain Text-to-SQL Parsing (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to parse text-to-SQL data are lacking labeled data for unseen evaluation databases.
Approach: They propose a framework for enhancing SQL queries by automatically producing large numbers of SQL queries based on an abstract syntax tree grammar.
Outcome: The proposed framework can produce high-quality natural language questions over strong baselines.
EDA: Easy Data Augmentation Techniques for Boosting Performance on Text Classification Tasks (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing data augmentation techniques for text classification are difficult to implement and cost a high amount of money.
Approach: They propose to use four simple but powerful operations to boost performance on text classification tasks to improve synonym replacement, random insertion, random swap, and random deletion.
Outcome: The proposed techniques improve performance on five classification tasks and are particularly useful for smaller datasets.
AEDA: An Easier Data Augmentation Technique for Text Classification (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: AEDA is an easier data augmentation technique than EDA.
Approach: They propose an augmentation technique that includes only random insertion of punctuation marks into the original text.
Outcome: The proposed method is easier to implement for data augmentation than EDA method.
Augmented SBERT: Data Augmentation Method for Improving Bi-Encoders for Pairwise Sentence Scoring Tasks (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Cross-encoders perform full-attention over the input pair, while bi-encoding requires substantial training data and fine-tuning over the target task to achieve competitive performance.
Approach: They propose a data augmentation strategy that uses cross-encoders to label larger set of input pairs to augment training data for bi-encoding.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves on multiple tasks and domain adaptation tasks by up to 37 points compared to the original bi-encoder performance.
Text Augmentation Using Dataset Reconstruction for Low-Resource Classification (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for text classification use labeled data, but labeles are expensive and difficult to obtain.
Approach: They propose a novel method of data augmentation using the text-generation capabilities of language models.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the current state-of-the-art methods for data augmentation on multi-class datasets.
Investigating Active Learning Sampling Strategies for Extreme Multi Label Text Classification (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Large scale, multi-label text datasets with high numbers of different classes are expensive to annotate due to domain experts taking a lot of time working through all the classes.
Approach: They propose to build classifiers on multi-label text datasets using Active Learning to reduce labeling effort.
Outcome: The proposed classifiers can be used to reduce labeling effort on multi-label datasets.
Text Classification by Contrastive Learning and Cross-lingual Data Augmentation for Alzheimer’s Disease Detection (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for AD detection are too expensive and time-consuming to cover all potential patients.
Approach: They propose a contrastive learning method to obtain effective text representations based on monolingual embeddings of BERT and a cross-lingual data augmentation method by building autoencoders to learn the text representation shared by both languages.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms other methods on a Mandarin AD corpus and achieves 81.6% detection accuracy.
Learning to Learn and Predict: A Meta-Learning Approach for Multi-Label Classification (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing models for multi-label classification ignore complexity and dependencies among labels . Experimental results show that our method can obtain more accurate multi-lab classification results.
Approach: They propose a meta-learning method to capture complex label dependencies . they use a Meta-learner to jointly learn the training policies and prediction policies for different labels.
Outcome: The proposed method can capture complex label dependencies on fine-grained entity typing and text classification tasks.
Incorporating Hierarchy into Text Encoder: a Contrastive Learning Approach for Hierarchical Text Classification (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods encode text and label hierarchy separately and mix their representations for classification, where the hierarchy remains unchanged for all input text.
Approach: They propose to embed hierarchy into a text encoder by combining input and output data to generate a hierarchy-aware representation.
Outcome: Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

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