Challenge: Large pre-trained models have proved to be remarkable zero- and (prompt-based) few-shot learners in unimodal vision and language tasks.
Approach: They propose to use frozen unimodal models to learn a lightweight mapping between the representation spaces of unimod models using aligned image-text data.
Outcome: The proposed method can generalize to unseen VL tasks from a few in-context examples while training orders of magnitude fewer parameters.

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How to Adapt Pre-trained Vision-and-Language Models to a Text-only Input? (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Current language models have been criticised for learning language from text alone without connection between words and their meaning.
Approach: They propose to train models on more sources than text to provide the lacking connection between words and their meanings.
Outcome: The proposed model adaptation methods perform differently for different models and unimodal model counterparts perform on par with the VL models regardless of adaptation.
A Good Prompt Is Worth Millions of Parameters: Low-resource Prompt-based Learning for Vision-Language Models (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent few-shot learning models such as GPT3 are expensive and slow to deploy for real-world applications.
Approach: They propose a prompt-based low-resource learning method for VL tasks with a few examples . they pre-train a sequence-to-sequence transformer model with prefix and masked language modeling .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms Frozen on vision-language tasks with prompt-based learning by 18.2% point.
PAELLA: Parameter-Efficient Lightweight Language-Agnostic Captioning Model (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing models that only generate English captions are expensive due to the trend of scaling both data and model size.
Approach: They propose a parameter-efficient lightweight language-agnostic captioning model that uses retrieval enhancement to train parameters between a visual model and a multilingual language model.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms models with more parameters and data and shows strong zero-shot abilities in low-resource languages.
MaPPER: Multimodal Prior-guided Parameter Efficient Tuning for Referring Expression Comprehension (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) lack specific domain abilities for precise local visual perception and visual-language alignment.
Approach: They propose a framework for Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning to localize a visual region via natural language using a prior-guided prior.
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PEVL: Position-enhanced Pre-training and Prompt Tuning for Vision-language Models (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances on self-supervised learning have led to powerful vision-language pre-training models that achieve state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of cross-modal tasks.
Approach: They propose a vision-language pre-training framework that reformulates discretized object positions and language in a unified language modeling framework.
Outcome: The proposed model improves performance on position-sensitive vision-language (VL) tasks and also improves on position insensitive tasks.
Pre-trained Language Models Can be Fully Zero-Shot Learners (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to pre-trained language models require fine-tuning on labeled datasets or manually constructing proper prompts.
Approach: They propose a nonparametric prompting PLM for fully zero-shot language understanding . they compare it to previous methods for text classification and text entailment .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms previous methods on diverse tasks.
APoLLo : Unified Adapter and Prompt Learning for Vision Language Models (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: APoLLo improves generalization capabilities of vision-language pretrained models . despite being largely successful in terms of generalization, these models are difficult to fine-tune for few-shot learning-based downstream tasks.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal approach that combines Adapter and Prompt learning for Vision-Language models.
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Parameter Space Factorization for Zero-Shot Learning across Tasks and Languages (2021.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Currently, there are only 24 languages in the world that have not been annotated . transferring knowledge across domains is a common solution .
Approach: They propose a Bayesian generative model for the space of neural parameters that factorizes into latent variables for each language and each task.
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HyperPELT: Unified Parameter-Efficient Language Model Tuning for Both Language and Vision-and-Language Tasks (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Pretraining and fine-tuning are the dominant paradigms in natural language processing.
Approach: They propose a parameter-efficient multitask learning framework that takes trainable hyper-embeddings and visual modality as input and outputs weights for different modules in a pretrained language model.
Outcome: The proposed framework adds fewer trainable parameters in multi-task learning while achieving superior performances and transfer ability compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Visual Prompt Tuning for Few-Shot Text Classification (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing work on pretraining models for text classification uses image encoders instead of visual prompts.
Approach: They propose a method to deploy large-scale pre-trained models in the prompt-tuning paradigm in few-shot learning.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms the most recent prompt-tuning methods on five public text classification datasets.

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