| Challenge: | Existing ST methods perform poorly when only a limited amount of parallel data are available for training. |
| Approach: | They propose a Word-Aligned COntrastive learning method for low-resource speech-to-text translation that bridges word-level representations for both speech and text modalities via contrastive learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the best baseline by 9+ BLEU points with only 1-hour parallel ST data. |
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CLAD-ST: Contrastive Learning with Adversarial Data for Robust Speech Translation (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Cascaded approach is the most popular choice for speech translation, but lacks robustness when dealing with noisy inputs. |
| Approach: | They propose a cascaded approach that uses an automatic speech recognition model and a machine translation model to translate speech in one language to text in another language. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves significant gains of up to 3 BLEU scores in English-German and English-French speech translation without hurting the translation quality on clean text. |
An End-to-End Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Language Understanding (2022.tacl-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to learning data representations using contrastive learning perform data augmentation and contrastive training separately. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that performs data augmentation and contrastive learning end-to-end . they propose to combine data augmented with text encoders to optimize for contrastive training . |
| Outcome: | Experiments on GLUE and Gururangan datasets show the proposed framework is effective in NLP. |
Cross-modal Contrastive Learning for Speech Translation (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches for speech translation focus on using additional data from MT and automatic speech recognition (ASR). |
| Approach: | They propose a cross-modal contrastive learning method for end-to-end speech-totext translation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing methods on a popular benchmark MuST-C. |
Worse WER, but Better BLEU? Leveraging Word Embedding as Intermediate in Multitask End-to-End Speech Translation (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that multitask learning improves speech translation performance by utilizing word embedding as the intermediate. |
| Approach: | They propose to use word embedding as an intermediate to improve multitask ST models by utilizing word embeds as input. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models with sufficient training data but is still lacking in the low-resource scenario. |
Contrastive Learning for Task-Independent SpeechLLM-Pretraining (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models excel in speech processing tasks but their reliance on written text limits their application in real-world scenarios. |
| Approach: | They propose a task-independent speech pretraining stage and task-specific fine-tuning stage to adapt LLMs to speech processing tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms models specialized on speech translation and question answering while being trained on 10% of the task-specific data. |
FCGCL: Fine- and Coarse-Granularity Contrastive Learning for Speech Translation (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to perform implicit knowledge transfer from machine translation to ST model are difficult because of the task complexity and data scarcity. |
| Approach: | They recommend a method which conducts explicit knowledge transfer from MT to ST model by fine and coarse granularity contrastive learning. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves the performance of the end-to-end speech translation model on all 8 languages. |
Speech Sense Disambiguation: Tackling Homophone Ambiguity in End-to-End Speech Translation (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | End-to-end speech translation (ST) models require simultaneous crossmodal and crosslingual transformations to be effective. |
| Approach: | They propose a homophone-aware contrastive learning approach that integrates a speech-text masking strategy to reduce ambiguity. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves SOTA results on BLEU scores on different MuST-C and CoVoST ST tasks, underlining its effectiveness in reducing speech sense ambiguity. |
Tutorial: End-to-End Speech Translation (2021.eacl-tutorials)
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| Challenge: | Speech translation is the translation of speech in one language typically to text in another, traditionally accomplished through a combination of automatic speech recognition and machine translation. |
| Approach: | This tutorial introduces the techniques used in cutting-edge research on speech translation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models achieve state-of-the-art performance with end-to-end speech translation for both high- and low-resource languages. |
Contrastive Video-Language Learning with Fine-grained Frame Sampling (2022.aacl-main)
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| Challenge: | despite recent progress in video and language representation learning, the weak or sparse correspondence between the two modalities remains a bottleneck. |
| Approach: | They propose a fine-grained contrastive objective for video frame sampling to improve cross-modal correspondence. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on YouCookII with long videos. |
Can We Achieve High-quality Direct Speech-to-Speech Translation without Parallel Speech Data? (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing two-pass direct speech-to-speech translation models require parallel speech data to train, which is challenging to collect. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-pass direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) model that decomposes the task into speech- to-text translation (s2TT) and text-tospech (TTS) they propose 'composer' S2ST model that integrates pretrained S2TT and TTS models into a direct S2 ST model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model integrates pretrained S2TT and TTS models into a direct S2ST model without parallel speech data. |