Challenge: Existing evaluation metrics for open-domain dialogue systems are limited by the diversity of possible outcomings.
Approach: They propose a method to augment a reference set to improve reliability . they propose BLEU to measure similarity between a predicted response and a small set of references .
Outcome: The proposed model improves the reliability of reference-based metrics with augmented reference sets.

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Achieving Reliable Human Assessment of Open-Domain Dialogue Systems (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Evaluation of open-domain dialogue systems is challenging and unreliable . human evaluation of live conversations is highly reliable, but reliability cannot be assumed .
Approach: They propose a method of open-domain dialogue evaluation that is highly reliable . they compare live conversations with models that avoid pre-created reference dialogues .
Outcome: The proposed method is highly reliable while remaining feasible and low cost.
Learning an Unreferenced Metric for Online Dialogue Evaluation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing tools for dialogue evaluation do not generalize to unseen datasets and/or need a human-generated reference response during inference.
Approach: They propose an unreferenced automated dialogue evaluation metric that uses large pre-trained language models to extract latent representations of utterances and leverages the temporal transitions that exist between them.
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Deconstruct to Reconstruct a Configurable Evaluation Metric for Open-Domain Dialogue Systems (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation metrics are not designed to cope with this flexibility.
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USR: An Unsupervised and Reference Free Evaluation Metric for Dialog Generation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Standard language generation metrics have been shown to be ineffective for dialog evaluation.
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Spurious Correlations in Reference-Free Evaluation of Text Generation (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent work suggests that reference-free evaluation metrics may rely on spurious correlations with human judgments.
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uBLEU: Uncertainty-Aware Automatic Evaluation Method for Open-Domain Dialogue Systems (2020.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation metrics for text generation tasks do not consider uncertain responses without writing additional reference responses by hand.
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RADE: Reference-Assisted Dialogue Evaluation for Open-Domain Dialogue (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Evaluating open-domain dialogue systems is challenging because of the one-to-many problem.
Approach: They propose a reference-based dialogue evaluation approach that leverages the pre-created utterance as reference other than the gold response to relieve the one-to-many problem.
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DEnsity: Open-domain Dialogue Evaluation Metric using Density Estimation (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent studies suggest that neural classifiers make overly confident predictions for examples from unseen distributions.
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Is Reference Necessary in the Evaluation of NLG Systems? When and Where? (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Despite recent advances in reference-free metrics, it has not been well understood when and where they can be used as an alternative to reference-based metrics.
Approach: They propose to use reference-free metrics to evaluate NLG systems . they find they have a higher correlation with human judgment and greater sensitivity to deficiencies in language quality .
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Open-Domain Dialog Evaluation Using Follow-Ups Likelihood (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods do not correlate strongly with human annotations.
Approach: They propose a method that measures the probability that a language model will continue the conversation with a fixed set of follow-ups.
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