Challenge: Evaluating open-domain dialogue systems is challenging because of the one-to-many problem.
Approach: They propose a reference-based dialogue evaluation approach that leverages the pre-created utterance as reference other than the gold response to relieve the one-to-many problem.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art evaluation methods on three datasets and two existing benchmarks.

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Enhancing the Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation in Latent Space (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods to evaluate opendomain dialogues are limited due to the one-to-many nature of dialogues.
Approach: They propose a self-supervised setting to obtain a smooth latent space that captures discourse-level context information and implicitly models more references in latent spaces.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baseline methods on two real-world dialogue datasets.
Learning an Unreferenced Metric for Online Dialogue Evaluation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing tools for dialogue evaluation do not generalize to unseen datasets and/or need a human-generated reference response during inference.
Approach: They propose an unreferenced automated dialogue evaluation metric that uses large pre-trained language models to extract latent representations of utterances and leverages the temporal transitions that exist between them.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves higher correlation with human annotations in an online setting, while not requiring true responses for comparison during inference.
Towards Holistic and Automatic Evaluation of Open-Domain Dialogue Generation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods of open-domain dialogue evaluation are labor-intensive and inefficient.
Approach: They propose to use open-domain dialogues to evaluate different aspects of dialogues using holistic evaluation metrics.
Outcome: The proposed metrics show strong correlations with human judgments.
Designing Precise and Robust Dialogue Response Evaluators (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing automated dialogue response evaluators have only moderate correlation with human judgement and are not robust.
Approach: They propose to build a reference-free dialogue response evaluator that exploits the power of semi-supervised training and pretrained (masked) language models.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves strong correlation with human judgement and generalizes robustly to diverse responses and corpora.
xDial-Eval: A Multilingual Open-Domain Dialogue Evaluation Benchmark (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Currently, human evaluation is the most reliable way to holistically judge the quality of the dialogue.
Approach: They propose to use English dialogue evaluation metrics to generalize them to other languages.
Outcome: The proposed metrics outperform OpenAI’s ChatGPT in terms of average Pearson correlations over all datasets and languages.
Improving Automated Evaluation of Open Domain Dialog via Diverse Reference Augmentation (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Prior work has shown that having multiple valid references is important for automated evaluations.
Approach: They propose a technique for automatically expanding a human generated reference to a set of candidate references.
Outcome: The proposed method improves correlations between human-generated metrics and human ratings of system outputs.
Evaluating Open-Domain Dialogues in Latent Space with Next Sentence Prediction and Mutual Information (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation methods for open-domain dialogues are difficult due to the one-to-many issue of the open- domain dialogues.
Approach: They propose a learning-based automatic evaluation metric which can robustly evaluate open-domain dialogues by augmenting CVAEs with a Next Sentence Prediction objective and employing Mutual Information to model the semantic similarity of text in the latent space.
Outcome: The proposed method can evaluate open-domain dialogues on two open- domain dialogue datasets.
Evaluating Dialogue Generation Systems via Response Selection (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing automatic evaluation metrics for open-domain dialogue systems correlate poorly with human evaluation.
Approach: They propose to construct response selection test sets with well-chosen false candidates to evaluate response generation systems via response selection.
Outcome: The proposed method correlates with human evaluation better than widely used metrics such as BLEU.
REAM♯: An Enhancement Approach to Reference-based Evaluation Metrics for Open-domain Dialog Generation (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation metrics for open-domain dialogue systems are limited by the diversity of possible outcomings.
Approach: They propose a method to augment a reference set to improve reliability . they propose BLEU to measure similarity between a predicted response and a small set of references .
Outcome: The proposed model improves the reliability of reference-based metrics with augmented reference sets.
EnDex: Evaluation of Dialogue Engagingness at Scale (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing models that measure engagement use expensive human annotas and abstract definitions of the term.
Approach: They propose a human-reaction based model to evaluate dialogue engagingness . they propose combining distant-supervision with a theoretical foundation for engagement .
Outcome: The proposed model is trained on 80k Reddit-based engagement datasets . it uses distant-supervision from human-reaction feedback to evaluate dialogue engagementness .

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