Challenge: Prior work treats all types of mismatches between source and target as noise . Consequently, it remains unclear how noisy parallel training samples impact NMT training.
Approach: They propose a divergent-aware NMT framework that uses factors to help NMT recover from the degradation caused by naturally occurring divergences.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves translation quality and model calibration on EN-FR tasks.

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Improving Neural Machine Translation Robustness via Data Augmentation: Beyond Back-Translation (D19-55)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation models are sensitive to noise in the input data.
Approach: They propose new methods to extend limited noisy data and further improve NMT robustness to noise while keeping the models small.
Outcome: The proposed methods extend limited noisy data and improve robustness to noise while keeping the models small.
Bridging the Gap between Training and Inference for Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation generates target words sequentially while at inference it has to generate the entire sequence from scratch.
Approach: They propose to use ground truth and inference to generate target words sequentially while at inference it has to generate the entire sequence from scratch.
Outcome: Experiments on Chinese->English and WMT’14 English->German translation tasks show that the proposed model can achieve significant improvements on multiple datasets.
Exploiting Sentential Context for Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to exploit sentential context for machine translation are not well studied.
Approach: They propose a shallow sentential context that exploits top encoder layer, and a deep sentential one that aggregates sentential representations from all internal layers.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the strong Transformer model on the English-German and English-French benchmarks.
Revisiting Robust Neural Machine Translation: A Transformer Case Study (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent advances in NMT have shown promising results but are vulnerable to noise.
Approach: They propose a data-driven technique called Target Augmented Fine-tuning to incorporate noise during training.
Outcome: The proposed techniques perform with no degradation where up to 10% of entire test words are infected by noise.
Revisiting Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation: A Case Study (P19-1)

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Challenge: Recent research has shown that neural machine translation models are highly data-inefficient and underperform phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT) in low-resource settings.
Approach: They propose to use auxiliary data to train low-resource neural machine translation systems without auxiliary monolingual or multilingual data.
Outcome: The proposed methods outperform PBSMT and other statistical machine translation models in Korean–English with minimal data.
Breaking the Corpus Bottleneck for Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation with Cross-Task Pre-training (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Context-aware neural machine translation (NMT) remains challenging due to the lack of large-scale document-level parallel corpora.
Approach: They propose to use large-scale parallel datasets and source-side monolingual documents to improve context-aware neural machine translation.
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Tagged Back-translation Revisited: Why Does It Really Work? (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: In this paper, we show that neural machine translation systems trained on large back-translated data overfit some of the characteristics of machine-transcribed texts.
Approach: They propose to add a tag to back-translations to help distinguish back-translated data from original parallel training data.
Outcome: The proposed tag helps the system distinguish back-translated data from original parallel training data and is as effective as a tag in high-resource training.
Addressing word-order Divergence in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation for extremely Low Resource Languages (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing studies show that transfer learning works best when the languages are related.
Approach: They propose to pre-order assisting language sentences to match the word order of the source language and train the parent model.
Outcome: The proposed model can improve translation quality in low-resource scenarios by pre-ordering the assisting language sentences to match the word order of the source language and training the parent model.
Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2020.coling-tutorials)

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Challenge: In this tutorial, we will cover the latest advances in NMT to enhance low-resource translation.
Approach: They will cover the latest advances in NMT approaches that leverage multilingualism . they will focus on topics such as language divergence, transfer learning and pivoting .
Outcome: This tutorial will cover the latest advances in NMT to enhance low-resource translation models.
Depth Growing for Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation models with tens and even more than a hundred blocks have shown effectiveness in image recognition.
Approach: They propose a two-stage approach with three specially designed components to construct deeper NMT models.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves on WMT14 EnglishGerman and EnglishFrench translation tasks.

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