Challenge: Existing neural approaches for natural language generation are typically developed offline for specific domains.
Approach: They propose a method to expand NLG knowledge incrementally to new domains . major challenge is catastrophic forgetting, meaning a model forgets the knowledge it has learned before .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms other methods by effectively mitigating catastrophic forgetting issue.

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Continual Learning in Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing continuous learning systems are not designed to add new domains and functionalities through time without incurring the high cost of retraining the whole system.
Approach: They propose a first-ever continual learning benchmark for task-oriented dialogue systems . they propose 'architecture' method based on residual adapters to implement continual training .
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Continual Training of Language Models for Few-Shot Learning (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent work on applying large language models (LMs) achieves impressive performance in many NLP applications.
Approach: They propose to continuously post-train an LM with unlabeled domains to expand its knowledge without forgetting previous skills.
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Exploring Continual Learning for Code Generation Models (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: Large-scale code generation models such as Copilot and CodeT5 are expensive to train and re-train.
Approach: They propose a benchmark for Continual Learning (CL) that covers a wide range of tasks with different input and output programming languages.
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Continual Reinforcement Learning for Controlled Text Generation (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Controlled Text Generation (CTG) aims to steer text generation towards texts possessing a desired attribute.
Approach: They propose an algorithm that steers the generation of continuations of a given context . they propose a Continual Learning problem to learn at every step to steer next-word generation .
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Alternating Recurrent Dialog Model with Large-scale Pre-trained Language Models (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing dialog system models require extensive human annotations and are difficult to generalize to different tasks.
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Fine-tuned Language Models are Continual Learners (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent work on large language models relies on intuition that most tasks can be described via natural language instructions.
Approach: They propose that a model should be able to keep extending its knowledge without forgetting previous skills.
Outcome: The proposed model can learn 8 new diverse language generation tasks while maintaining good performance on previous tasks, spanning in total of 70 datasets.
Class-Incremental Learning based on Label Generation (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing studies on pre-trained language models focus on task-incremental learning (TIL) but they perform poorly in a more challenging setting of class-incremental learning.
Approach: They propose a method which solves CIL based on label generation by using sparse vocabulary and creates pseudo-replay samples by using label semantics.
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Self-generated Replay Memories for Continual Neural Machine Translation (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation systems exhibit strong performance in several different languages, but their ability to learn continuously is limited by catastrophic forgetting.
Approach: They propose a method that leverages a key property of encoder-decoder Transformers, i.e. their generative ability, to continuously learn Neural Machine Translation systems.
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Multi-task Learning for Natural Language Generation in Task-Oriented Dialogue (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods to generate natural language for task-oriented dialogues lack naturalness and variation in language.
Approach: They propose a multi-task learning framework for natural language generation that explicitly targets for naturalness in generated responses via an unconditioned language model.
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Task-wrapped Continual Learning in Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Continual learning is vital for task-oriented dialogue systems (ToDs), but its performance is limited by training separate adapters for each task, preventing global knowledge sharing.
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