Challenge: Existing methods treat each span token equally important, ignoring significant features.
Approach: They propose a span-based joint extraction framework with attention-based semantic representations that utilizes span-specific and contextual representations.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on ACE2005, CoNLL2004 and ADE.

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Span-Level Model for Relation Extraction (P19-1)

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Challenge: Recent approaches for this span-level task have inherent limitations.
Approach: They propose a model which directly models all possible spans and performs joint entity mention detection and relation extraction.
Outcome: The proposed model performs joint entity mention detection and relation extraction on the ACE2005 dataset.
Entity, Relation, and Event Extraction with Contextualized Span Representations (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing frameworks for named entity recognition, relation extraction, and event extraction can be easily adapted for new tasks or datasets.
Approach: They propose a framework that enumerates, refins, and scores text spans to capture local (within-sentence) and global (cross-sentent) context.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art results on four datasets from a variety of domains.
A general framework for information extraction using dynamic span graphs (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing frameworks for information extraction use a pipeline approach to identify entities and then use the detected entity spans for relation extraction and coreference resolution.
Approach: They propose a framework for several information extraction tasks that share span representations using dynamically constructed span graphs.
Outcome: The proposed framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art on multiple information extraction tasks across multiple datasets reflecting different domains.
ENPAR:Enhancing Entity and Entity Pair Representations for Joint Entity Relation Extraction (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for joint entity relation extraction use multitask learning frameworks, but annotations for additional tasks are hard to obtain.
Approach: They propose a pre-training method to improve the joint extraction performance with just extra entity annotations.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods on ACE05, SciERC, and NYT and outperformed BERT on other tasks.
A Span-Based Model for Joint Overlapped and Discontinuous Named Entity Recognition (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing models for named entity recognition (NER) focus on overlapped or discontinuous entities.
Approach: They propose a span-based named entity recognition model that can recognize both overlapped and discontinuous entities jointly.
Outcome: The proposed model can recognize overlapped and discontinuous entities jointly.
Improving Span Representation by Efficient Span-Level Attention (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for generating high-quality span representations are limited by subset of tokens . span-span interactions should play an important role in span encoding, authors argue .
Approach: They propose to introduce span-span interactions and more comprehensive span-token interactions to improve span representations.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baseline models on span-related tasks and shows superior performance.
Pre-training Entity Relation Encoder with Intra-span and Inter-span Information (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing pre-trained models do not handle text spans and relation among text span pairs.
Approach: They propose to integrate span-related information into pre-trained encoder for entity relation extraction task.
Outcome: The proposed pre-training method outperforms distantly supervised pre-trained models on two entity relation extraction benchmark datasets.
Injecting Knowledge Base Information into End-to-End Joint Entity and Relation Extraction and Coreference Resolution (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Using unsupervised entity linking, we solve named entity recognition, coreference resolution and relation extraction tasks together.
Approach: They propose to use a knowledge base to inject information into a joint IE model by using unsupervised entity linking.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on two datasets with 5% F1 score.
SpanMlt: A Span-based Multi-Task Learning Framework for Pair-wise Aspect and Opinion Terms Extraction (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Aspect terms and opinion terms are key problems of fine-grained aspect-based sentiment analysis.
Approach: They propose a method to extract aspect and opinion terms as pairs from a sentence . they use shared spans to extract the terms under supervision of span boundaries .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both aspects and opinion terms extraction tasks.
A Frustratingly Easy Approach for Entity and Relation Extraction (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on end-to-end relation extraction models combine two tasks: named entity recognition and relation extraction.
Approach: They propose a pipelined approach for entity and relation extraction that uses two independent encoders to construct the relation model.
Outcome: The proposed approach achieves an 8.16 speedup with a slight reduction in accuracy on standard benchmarks.

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