Challenge: Neural machine translation is usually done via knowledge distillation from an autoregressive (AR) model.
Approach: They leverage large monolingual corpora to improve the NAR model's performance by transferring the autoregressive model' s generalization ability while preventing overfitting.
Outcome: The proposed methods on the WMT14 En-De and WMT16 En-Ro news translation tasks show that monolingual data augmentation improves the NAR model to approach the teacher AR model’s performance.

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Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation: It’s Not as Fast as it Seems (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Efficient machine translation models are commercially important as they can increase inference speeds, reduce costs and carbon emissions.
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An Empirical Study of Iterative Refinements for Non-autoregressive Translation (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Iterative non-autoregressive (NAR) models have recently demonstrated impressive performance in varied generation tasks, surpassing the autoregressive Transformer.
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Exploring Non-Autoregressive Text Style Transfer (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for text style transfer use autoregressive decoding, but they are slow and low parallelizability.
Approach: They propose a base NAR model by directly adapting the common training scheme from its AutoRegressive counterpart.
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Helping the Weak Makes You Strong: Simple Multi-Task Learning Improves Non-Autoregressive Translators (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Non-autoregressive (NAR) neural machine translation models require a conditional independence assumption on target sequences, resulting in less informative learning signals.
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Fully Non-autoregressive Neural Machine Translation: Tricks of the Trade (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive neural machine translation models are slow to learn the dependency between output tokens.
Approach: They propose to use fully non-autoregressive neural machine translation (NAT) to predict tokens with single forward of neural networks.
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Enriching Non-Autoregressive Transformer with Syntactic and Semantic Structures for Neural Machine Translation (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive models have boosted the efficiency of neural machine translation, but their performance is significantly worse than that of autoregressive counterparts.
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A Study of Non-autoregressive Model for Sequence Generation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Non-autoregressive (NAR) models generate all tokens in parallel, resulting in faster generation speed compared to autoregressive models.
Approach: They propose to use knowledge distillation and source-target alignment to bridge the gap between NAR and autoregressive models in various tasks.
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How Does Distilled Data Complexity Impact the Quality and Confidence of Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation? (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Prior work suggests that distilled training data is less complex than manual translations.
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Hint-Based Training for Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation (D19-1)

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Challenge: AutoRegressive Translation models have to generate tokens sequentially during decoding and thus suffer from high inference latency.
Approach: They propose to use hidden states and word alignments to help train NART models.
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Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation: A Call for Clarity (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Non-autoregressive translation models require a single forward pass to generate the output sequence instead of iteratively producing each predicted token.
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