Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive models have boosted the efficiency of neural machine translation, but their performance is significantly worse than that of autoregressive counterparts.
Approach: They propose to incorporate syntactic and semantic structures among natural languages into a non-autoregressive Transformer for the task of neural machine translation.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves faster speed and keeps translation quality compared with other models.

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Fully Non-autoregressive Neural Machine Translation: Tricks of the Trade (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive neural machine translation models are slow to learn the dependency between output tokens.
Approach: They propose to use fully non-autoregressive neural machine translation (NAT) to predict tokens with single forward of neural networks.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art results on three translation benchmarks with comparable performance to autoregressive and iterative NAT systems.
Syntactically Supervised Transformers for Faster Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Standard decoders for neural machine translation generate a single token per timestep, which slows inference . a series of controlled experiments demonstrates that SynST decodes sentences 5x faster than the baseline autoregressive Transformer.
Approach: They propose a syntactically supervised Transformer that generates all target tokens in one shot . synST is a variant of the Transformer architecture that autoregressively predicts a chunked parse tree .
Outcome: The proposed method decodes sentences 5x faster than the baseline method on En-De and En-Fr datasets while achieving higher BLEU scores.
Improving Non-autoregressive Neural Machine Translation with Monolingual Data (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation is usually done via knowledge distillation from an autoregressive (AR) model.
Approach: They leverage large monolingual corpora to improve the NAR model's performance by transferring the autoregressive model' s generalization ability while preventing overfitting.
Outcome: The proposed methods on the WMT14 En-De and WMT16 En-Ro news translation tasks show that monolingual data augmentation improves the NAR model to approach the teacher AR model’s performance.
End-to-End Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation with Connectionist Temporal Classification (D18-1)

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Challenge: Autoregressive decoding is the only part of sequence-to-sequence models that prevents massive parallelization at inference time.
Approach: They propose a non-autoregressive architecture based on connectionist temporal classification . they conduct experiments on the WMT English-Romanian and English-German datasets .
Outcome: The proposed model achieves a significant speedup over autoregressive models . the model can be trained end-to-end and maintains translation quality comparable to other models compared to autoregression models based on connectionist temporal classification .
Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation: A Call for Clarity (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Non-autoregressive translation models require a single forward pass to generate the output sequence instead of iteratively producing each predicted token.
Approach: They propose to use a single forward pass to generate the output sequence instead of iteratively producing each predicted token.
Outcome: The proposed models improve translation quality and speed under third-party testing environments.
Assessing Non-autoregressive Alignment in Neural Machine Translation via Word Reordering (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive neural machine translation models that implicitly model dependencies are sub-optimal in handling word order errors.
Approach: They propose to learn a non-autoregressive language model that can be combined with Viterbi decoding to achieve better reordering performance.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art reordering mechanisms under different word permutation settings with a 2-27 BLEU improvement, suggesting high potential for word alignment in NAT.
Integrating Translation Memories into Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Non-autoregressive machine translation (NAT) has made great progress, but most studies focus on standard translation tasks.
Approach: They propose to train an edit-based NAT model with a Translation Memory (TM) they propose to modify the data presentation and introduce an extra deletion operation to reduce decoding load.
Outcome: The proposed model performs on par with an autoregressive approach while reducing the decoding load.
Imitation Learning for Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive translation models lack parallel decoding, which is a bottleneck for NMT decoding.
Approach: They propose a framework for non-autoregressive machine translation that emulates the autoregressive model by sampling sentence length in parallel.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves 31.85 BLEU on WMT16 RoEn and 30.68 BLUE on IWSLT16 EnDe on the IWSLD16, WMT14 and WMT15 datasets.
Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation with Latent Alignments (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive machine translation methods are lacking in the field of latent alignments.
Approach: They propose two strong methods for non-autoregressive machine translation that model latent alignments with dynamic programming.
Outcome: The proposed models achieve state-of-the-art on the WMT’14 EnDe task, compared with the autoregressive Transformer baseline.
Revisiting the Markov Property for Machine Translation (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Statistical machine translation (SMT) has employed Markov models, but autoregressive models are less effective.
Approach: They propose to use a Markov Autoregressive Transformer to model neural machine translation using four WMT benchmarks.
Outcome: The proposed model performs better than autoregressive models on four WMT benchmarks.

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