Papers with single-task
Spurious Correlations in Cross-Topic Argument Mining (2021.starsem-1)
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| Challenge: | Recent work in cross-topic argument mining attempts to learn models that generalise across topics rather than relying on within-topic spurious correlations. |
| Approach: | They propose to use linear approximations of decision boundaries and manual feature grouping to learn models that generalise across topics rather than relying on within-topic spurious correlations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model generalise across topics rather than relying on spurious correlations. |
Deploying Multi-task Online Server with Large Language Model (2025.coling-industry)
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| Challenge: | In the industry, numerous natural language processing tasks are deployed online . traditional approaches tackle each task separately by its own network and pipeline . |
| Approach: | They propose a three-stage multi-task learning framework for large language models . it involves task filtering, fine-tuning on high-resource tasks, and finally fine- tuning on all tasks . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces up to 90% of overhead while reducing latency and resource usage. |
ChemAmp: Amplified Chemistry Tools via Composable Agents (2026.findings-acl)
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Zhucong Li, Powei Chang, Jin Xiao, Zhijian Zhou, Qianyu He, Jiaqing Liang, Fenglei Cao, Xu Yinghui, Yuan Qi
| Challenge: | LLM-based agents are powerful tools for automating complex scientific workflows, especially in chemistry, but their single-task performance is limited by tool constraints. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that optimizes the collective capabilities of specialized tools by dynamic coordination within individual tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms chemistry-specialized models, generalist LLMs, and agent systems with tool orchestration. |
Leveraging Task Dependency and Contrastive Learning for Case Outcome Classification on European Court of Human Rights Cases (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | a new method for case outcome classification is being developed for the European Court of Human Rights. |
| Approach: | They propose to use case facts descriptions to classify whether a court finds a violation of conventions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves on single-task and joint models without contrastive loss. |
A Flexible Multi-Task Model for BERT Serving (2022.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | a proposed BERT-based multi-task framework is suitable for iterative and incremental development of the tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose an efficient BERT-based multi-task framework that is suitable for iterative and incremental development of the tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves 99.6% of performance of the full fine-tuning method while reducing up to two thirds of its overhead. |
AIR-Bench: Benchmarking Large Audio-Language Models via Generative Comprehension (2024.acl-long)
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Qian Yang, Jin Xu, Wenrui Liu, Yunfei Chu, Ziyue Jiang, Xiaohuan Zhou, Yichong Leng, Yuanjun Lv, Zhou Zhao, Chang Zhou, Jingren Zhou
| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks for audio-centric interaction have impeded advancements in this field . AIR-Bench evaluates LALMs' ability to understand audio signals and interact with humans . |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate the ability of large audio-language models to understand audio signals . they use 19 tasks with approximately 19k single-choice questions to examine single-task ability . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework evaluates the ability of large audio-language models to understand audio signals and interact with humans in the textual format. |
MoSLD: An Extremely Parameter-Efficient Mixture-of-Shared LoRAs for Multi-Task Learning (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | LoRA is a key technique for fine-tuning large pre-trained models, yet its performance in multi-task learning scenarios often falls short. |
| Approach: | They propose a mixture-of-shared-LoRAs model with a dropout strategy . they propose to share the upper projection matrix among different experts . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model exhibits excellent performance in both single-task and multi-task scenarios with robust out-of-domain generalization capabilities. |
Beyond Full Fine-tuning: Harnessing the Power of LoRA for Multi-Task Instruction Tuning (2024.lrec-main)
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Chunlei Xin, Yaojie Lu, Hongyu Lin, Shuheng Zhou, Huijia Zhu, Weiqiang Wang, Zhongyi Liu, Xianpei Han, Le Sun
| Challenge: | Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning algorithm for large-scale language models. |
| Approach: | They conduct a systematic study of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) on diverse tasks and rich resources with different learning capacities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm can achieve remarkable performance in high-resource and multi-task scenarios, even comparable to full fine-tuning. |
TransPrompt: Towards an Automatic Transferable Prompting Framework for Few-shot Text Classification (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies show that prompts improve performance of large pre-trained language models for few-shot text classification. |
| Approach: | They propose a prompt-based framework for few-shot learning that captures cross-task transferable knowledge and uses two de-biasing techniques to make it more task-agnostic and unbiased . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms strong baselines over multiple NLP tasks and datasets. |
Recipe2Plan: Evaluating Planning Abilities of LLMs for Efficient and Feasible Multitasking with Time Constraints Between Actions (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation benchmarks focus on single task performance, ignoring multitask planning and execution efficiency. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark framework based on real-world cooking scenarios . recipe2plan challenges agents to optimize cooking time through parallel task execution . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks highlight the need for improved temporal awareness and global multitasking capabilities in large language models. |
MALoRA: Mixture of Asymmetric Low-Rank Adaptation for Enhanced Multi-Task Learning (2025.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) can be fine-tuned to new tasks, but in multi-task scenarios, training imbalance and seesaw effect often arise. |
| Approach: | They propose a flexible fine-tuning framework that leverages asymmetric optimization among LoRA experts to reduce training imbalance and improve performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods in inter- and intra-task learning scenarios. |
SkillSpan: Hard and Soft Skill Extraction from English Job Postings (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on Skill Extraction (SE) use crowd-sourced labels or annotations from a predefined skill inventory. |
| Approach: | They propose a dataset that contains 14.5K sentences and over 12.5K annotated spans. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms non-adapted models and single-task outperformed multi-task learning. |
LILA: A Unified Benchmark for Mathematical Reasoning (2022.emnlp-main)
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Swaroop Mishra, Matthew Finlayson, Pan Lu, Leonard Tang, Sean Welleck, Chitta Baral, Tanmay Rajpurohit, Oyvind Tafjord, Ashish Sabharwal, Peter Clark, Ashwin Kalyan
| Challenge: | Towards evaluating and improving AI systems in this domain, we propose a mathematical reasoning benchmark based on 23 diversetasks . |
| Approach: | They propose a mathematical reasoning benchmark that includes 23 diverse tasks . they extend the benchmark by collecting task instructions and solutions in the form of Python programs . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves on multi-tasking while the best performing model only achieves 60.40%. |
GradTS: A Gradient-Based Automatic Auxiliary Task Selection Method Based on Transformer Networks (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | A key problem in multi-task learning (MTL) research is how to select high-quality auxiliary tasks automatically. |
| Approach: | They propose an automatic auxiliary task selection method based on gradient calculation in Transformer-based models that improves MT-DNN performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves MT-DNN performance on 8 natural language understanding (GLUE) tasks, while costing less than AUTOSEM and comparable GPU consumption. |
DRBO: Mitigating Short Board Effect via Dynamic Reward Balancing in Multi-reward LLM Optimization (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | a new framework to optimize large language models (LLMs) for evaluation metrics is needed to balance weaker metrics. |
| Approach: | They propose a Dynamic Reward Balancing Optimization framework to mitigate the "short-board effect" they apply it to single-task and multi-type task scenarios . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves performance and balances performance across multiple metrics. |
Make-A-Voice: Revisiting Voice Large Language Models as Scalable Multilingual and Multitask Learners (2024.acl-long)
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Rongjie Huang, Chunlei Zhang, Yongqi Wang, Dongchao Yang, Jinchuan Tian, Zhenhui Ye, Luping Liu, Zehan Wang, Ziyue Jiang, Xuankai Chang, Jiatong Shi, Chao Weng, Zhou Zhao, Dong Yu
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have been used for general-purpose interfaces across multiple tasks and languages. |
| Approach: | They propose to use large language models as a general-purpose interface across multiple tasks and languages. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better on 200K hours of 6-language data for voice generation applications. |
BAM! Born-Again Multi-Task Networks for Natural Language Understanding (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to train multi-task neural networks outperform or even match their single-task counterparts are difficult to implement. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that uses knowledge distillation to train multi-task neural networks that outperform or even match their single-task counterparts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms or matches single-task neural networks on the GLUE benchmark. |
Exploring Compositional Generalization of Multimodal LLMs for Medical Imaging (2025.acl-long)
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Zhenyang Cai, Junying Chen, Rongsheng Wang, Weihong Wang, Yonglin Deng, Dingjie Song, Yize Chen, Zixu Zhang, Benyou Wang
| Challenge: | Current research suggests that multitask training outperforms single-task as different tasks can benefit each other, but they often overlook the internal relationships within these tasks. |
| Approach: | They employ compositional generalization (CG) to examine the generalization of multimodal large language models in medical imaging. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can understand unseen medical images and is able to perform CG across classification and detection tasks. |
TAMA: Target-Aware Multilingual Abuse Detection by Cascaded Conditional Multi-Task Learning (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for protecting public figures from online abuse ignore who is targeted and how. |
| Approach: | They propose a target-aware multi-task framework that conditions downstream predictions on upstream beliefs via three lightweight modules: Cross-Task Feature Fusion (CTF), Task-Adaptive Gating (TAG), and Label-Guided Span Detection (LGSD). |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework yields higher average F1 than single-task training and standard multi-task learning. |
Unraveling LoRA Interference: Orthogonal Subspaces for Robust Model Merging (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for fine-tuning large language models fail due to performance degradation . existing methods fail for models fine- tuned with low-rank adaptation . |
| Approach: | They propose to constrain the LoRA subspace prior to fine-tuning to ensure that updates relevant to one task do not adversely shift outputs for others. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can integrate with most existing merging algorithms, reducing unintended interference among tasks. |