Papers by Xiaoqian Wang

12 papers
Step-level Verifier-guided Hybrid Test-Time Scaling for Large Language Models (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent training-based TTS methods, such as continued reinforcement learning, have surged in popularity, while training-free TTS approaches are gradually fading from prominence.
Approach: They propose a fine-grained sequential scaling method guided by process verification that integrates training-free TTS methods with other classical parallel scaling methods at the step level.
Outcome: Experiments on five instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) show that training-free TTS methods can extend reasoning performance boundaries.
Revisiting Interpolation Augmentation for Speech-to-Text Generation (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to speech-to-text generation tasks are limited by the lack of extensive labeled datasets.
Approach: They propose to use interpolation augmentation to construct virtual training samples by transforming inputs and labels to enhance generalization in other domains.
Outcome: The proposed approach significantly improves performance across diverse tasks, architectures, and data scales, offering a promising avenue for more robust S2T systems in resource-constrained settings.
Bridging the Granularity Gap for Acoustic Modeling (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Despite the success of speech recognition, how to encode the speech features effectively remains an open problem.
Approach: They propose a Progressive Down-Sampling technique which compresses acoustic features into coarser-grained units containing more complete semantic information, like text-level representation.
Outcome: The proposed method yields comparable or better results on the speech recognition task and inference speedups ranging from 1.20x to 1.47x.
Bypassing Neural Evaluations for Fast Audio Editing via Adaptive Trajectory Extrapolation (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in audio diffusion models have significantly improved text-to-audio editing via inversion techniques, but these models typically rely on dense, fixed-step sampling trajectories to maintain structural integrity.
Approach: They propose a model-agnostic Adaptive Trajectory Extrapolation framework that accelerates inversion-based editing process by dynamically evaluating only the most critical generative phases.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves a 3.9 speedup with negligible loss in fidelity.
Fairness-Aware Online Positive-Unlabeled Learning (2024.emnlp-industry)

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Challenge: Positive-unlabeled (PU) learning is a new approach to improve text classification by analyzing the impact of the online setting on fairness.
Approach: They propose to extend Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning to online learning by analyzing the impact of the online setting on fairness.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves fairness in PU learning in both offline and online settings by using only labeled positive and unlabeled samples.
On the Emotion Understanding of Synthesized Speech (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing models for emotion understanding do not capture fundamental features of synthesized speech.
Approach: They evaluate emotion recognition models on synthesized speech using SER models and generative models.
Outcome: The proposed model can't generalize to synthesized speech because of speech token prediction . generative models tend to infer emotion from textual semantics while ignoring paralinguistic cues.
CTC-based Non-autoregressive Speech Translation (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: End-to-end speech translation (E2E ST) and non-autoregressive (NAR) generation are promising in language and speech processing for their advantages of less error propagation and low latency.
Approach: They develop a model that uses connectionist temporal classification to predict the source and target texts.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves an average BLEU score of 29.5 with a speed-up of 5.67.
The Essence of Contextual Understanding in Theory of Mind: A Study on Question Answering with Story Characters (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Theory-of-Mind (ToM) is a psychological capability that allows humans to understand and interpret the mental states of others.
Approach: They propose a CharToM-QA benchmark to assess the importance of comprehensive contextual understanding about personal backgrounds in ToM.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on 1,035 ToM questions based on classic novels and shows that educated participants perform better when they have read the novels than non-educated participants.
SHIELD: Evaluation and Defense Strategies for Copyright Compliance in LLM Text Generation (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed machine learning but have raised significant legal concerns due to their potential to produce text that infringes on copyrights.
Approach: They propose a lightweight, real-time defense mechanism to prevent the generation of copyrighted text by evaluating methods and testing attack strategies.
Outcome: The proposed defense significantly reduces the volume of copyrighted text generated by LLMs by effectively refusing malicious requests.
EPO: Explicit Policy Optimization for Strategic Reasoning in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for strategic reasoning face challenges in adaptability, scalability, and transferring strategies to new contexts.
Approach: They propose an explicit policy optimization model that provides strategies in open-ended action space and can be plugged into arbitrary LLM agents to motivate goal-directed behavior.
Outcome: The proposed model provides strategies in open-ended action space and can be plugged into arbitrary LLM agents to motivate goal-directed behavior.
SDPO: Segment-Level Direct Preference Optimization for Social Agents (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has proven effective in aligning LLM behavior with human preferences across various tasks, but is limited in multi-turn social interactions.
Approach: They propose a method which dynamically selects key segments within interactions to optimize multi-turn agent behavior.
Outcome: The proposed methods outperform existing methods and proprietary LLMs on the SOTOPIA benchmark and show that they can improve social intelligence.
MelTrim: Coarse-to-Fine Data Pruning for Speech Classification (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Unlike image or text classification, speech classification tasks are particularly challenging due to the difficulty in capturing the acoustic, semantic, and contextual representations.
Approach: They propose a dataset pruning method that coarsely filters redundant samples using DBSCAN clustering on Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves 49.5% improvement in WA on the MEAD dataset and 41.9% reduction in EER on speaker identification tasks.

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