Papers by Junho Lee
Enhancing Effectiveness and Robustness in a Low-Resource Regime via Decision-Boundary-aware Data Augmentation (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to augment textual data are limited due to the discrete characteristics of the textual dataset. |
| Approach: | They propose a decision-boundary-aware data augmentation strategy to enhance robustness using pretrained language models by shifting latent features closer to the decision boundary and reconstruction to generate an ambiguous version with a soft label. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method performs better than existing methods and is extensible with curriculum data augmentation. |
SMoP: Towards Efficient and Effective Prompt Tuning with Sparse Mixture-of-Prompts (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Prompt tuning has emerged as a successful parameter-efficient alternative to the full fine-tuning of language models. |
| Approach: | They propose a prompt tuning method that utilizes short soft prompts for efficient training and inference while maintaining performance gains typically induced by longer soft prompt. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms baseline methods while preserving memory usage. |
CoBA: Counterbias Text Augmentation for Mitigating Various Spurious Correlations via Semantic Triples (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Spurious correlations are patterns that appear in datasets but do not represent genuine relationships. |
| Approach: | They propose a more general form of counterfactual data augmentation that tackles multiple biases . they propose 'CoBA' that decomposes text into subject-predicate-object triples and modifies them to disrupt spurious correlations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework reduces biases and strengthens out-of-distribution resilience. |
Towards Robust and Generalized Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Noisy Label Learning (2024.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has enabled efficient optimization of cumbersome language models in real-world environments. |
| Approach: | They propose a routing-based PEFT approach that adaptively activates PEFT modules. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is more sensitive to noise interference than other methods. |
Mentor-KD: Making Small Language Models Better Multi-step Reasoners (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive emergent capabilities by leveraging Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. |
| Approach: | They propose a Knowledge Distillation approach which transfers multi-step reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to smaller LMs by fine-tuning language models of multi- step rationales generated by LLM teachers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is able to transfer multi-step reasoning ability of LLMs to smaller LMs while addressing data quality and soft label provision. |
RECIPE4U: Student-ChatGPT Interaction Dataset in EFL Writing Education (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | generative AI is expanding in education, yet empirical analyses of large-scale and real-world interactions between students and AI systems remain limited. |
| Approach: | They present a dataset based on a semester-long experiment with 212 college students in English as Foreign Language (EFL) writing courses. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset includes conversation logs, students’ intent, students' self-rated satisfaction, and students’ essay edit histories. |
User Guide for KOTE: Korean Online That-gul Emotions Dataset (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | sentiment analysis is used to identify emotional aspects of texts but is limited by its small size and limited range of emotions. |
| Approach: | They propose a Korean sentiment analysis corpus that is limited by its small size and narrow range of emotions . they propose to fine-tune the KOTE dataset and analyze the results for social discrimination . |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset includes 50,000 Korean online comments, each manually labeled for 43 emotions and NO EMOTION. |
FINEST: Improving LLM Responses to Sensitive Topics Through Fine-Grained Evaluation (2026.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation frameworks lack systematic methods to identify weaknesses in LLMs . Existing methods to evaluate LLM responses to sensitive topics are lacking . |
| Approach: | They propose a FINE-grained response evaluation taxonomy for sensitive topics that breaks down helpfulness and harmlessness into errors across three main categories: Content, Logic, and Appropriateness. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms refinement without guidance on Korean-sensitive questions . FINEST significantly improves the model responses across all three categories . |
Coconut: Contextualized Commonsense Unified Transformers for Graph-Based Commonsense Augmentation of Language Models (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that pre-trained language models lack commonsense knowledge . |
| Approach: | They propose a contextualized knowledge prompting scheme to guide the contextualization of structured commonsense knowledge based on large language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art technique by an average of 5.8%. |
Leap-of-Thought: Accelerating Transformers via Dynamic Token Routing (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Inefficient transformers have been a challenge for many years, requiring computational costs that scale quadratically with the length of the input sequence. |
| Approach: | They propose a token reduction approach that dynamically routes tokens within layers to ensure that all tokens remain accessible in subsequent layers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach achieves up to 25x faster inference time without significant loss in accuracy. |
Incorporating Domain Knowledge into Materials Tokenization (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in language models have expanded their applications in materials science, but they often produce excessive fragmentation and semantic loss. |
| Approach: | They propose a frequency-centric tokenization approach that integrates material knowledge into tokenization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tokenization approach outperforms existing tokenization methods and achieves an average performance gain of 4% and 2% in the generation and classification tasks. |
Tutoring Helps Students Learn Better: Improving Knowledge Distillation for BERT with Tutor Network (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing knowledge distillation approaches for language models have overlooked the difficulty of training examples. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that controls difficulty of training examples during pre-training by a tutor network. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art KD methods with student models on the GLUE benchmark. |
Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences in English Hate Speech Annotations: From Dataset Construction to Analysis (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing datasets for hate speech detection neglect the cultural diversity within a single language. |
| Approach: | They propose a CR**oss-cultural **E**nglish **Hate* speech dataset that uses culturally hateful keywords to identify posts from four countries plus the United States. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset shows that only 56.2% of the posts in CREHate achieve consensus among all countries, with the highest pairwise label difference rate of 26%. |
WorldCuisines: A Massive-Scale Benchmark for Multilingual and Multicultural Visual Question Answering on Global Cuisines (2025.naacl-long)
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Genta Indra Winata, Frederikus Hudi, Patrick Amadeus Irawan, David Anugraha, Rifki Afina Putri, Wang Yutong, Adam Nohejl, Ubaidillah Ariq Prathama, Nedjma Ousidhoum, Afifa Amriani, Anar Rzayev, Anirban Das, Ashmari Pramodya, Aulia Adila, Bryan Wilie, Candy Olivia Mawalim, Cheng Ching Lam, Daud Abolade, Emmanuele Chersoni, Enrico Santus, Fariz Ikhwantri, Garry Kuwanto, Hanyang Zhao, Haryo Akbarianto Wibowo, Holy Lovenia, Jan Christian Blaise Cruz, Jan Wira Gotama Putra, Junho Myung, Lucky Susanto, Maria Angelica Riera Machin, Marina Zhukova, Michael Anugraha, Muhammad Farid Adilazuarda, Natasha Christabelle Santosa, Peerat Limkonchotiwat, Raj Dabre, Rio Alexander Audino, Samuel Cahyawijaya, Shi-Xiong Zhang, Stephanie Yulia Salim, Yi Zhou, Yinxuan Gui, David Ifeoluwa Adelani, En-Shiun Annie Lee, Shogo Okada, Ayu Purwarianti, Alham Fikri Aji, Taro Watanabe, Derry Tanti Wijaya, Alice Oh, Chong-Wah Ngo
| Challenge: | Vision Language Models struggle with cultural-specific knowledge, especially in languages other than English and in underrepresented cultural contexts. |
| Approach: | They propose a visual question answering (VQA) dataset with text-image pairs across 30 languages and dialects and a training dataset. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better with correct location context, but struggles with adversarial contexts and predicting specific regional cuisines and languages. |
Client-Customized Adaptation for Parameter-Efficient Federated Learning (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained language models have a large memory footprint and are difficult to use in federated learning (FL) |
| Approach: | They propose a hypernetwork-based FL framework that generates client-specific adapters by conditioning the client information. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework maximizes the utility of shared model parameters while minimizing divergence caused by client heterogeneity. |
Learning from Missing Relations: Contrastive Learning with Commonsense Knowledge Graphs for Commonsense Inference (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to commonsense inference lack coverage and expressive diversity of commonsensense knowledge graphs. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that contrasts sets of semantically similar and dissimilar events . they propose 'solar' framework that can be used to learn commonsense inference . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art commonsense transformer on commonsensense inference by 1.84% on average among 8 metrics. |
MELT: Materials-aware Continued Pre-training for Language Model Adaptation to Materials Science (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods focused on constructing domain-specific corpus focus on a limited and scarce nature of datasets in materials science poses significant challenges for developing models that generalize well across a broad range of materials entities. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to adapt pre-trained language models for materials science by continuously pre-training them on a materials science corpus. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is able to adapt pre-trained language models for materials science tasks. |
“Going to a trap house” conveys more fear than “Going to a mall”: Benchmarking Emotion Context Sensitivity for LLMs (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | a new benchmark evaluates whether large language models can understand emotion context sensitivity of humans. |
| Approach: | a new benchmark evaluates whether large language models can understand emotion context sensitivity of humans. |
| Outcome: | a new benchmark evaluates whether large language models can understand emotion context sensitivity of humans. |
Efficient Pre-training of Masked Language Model via Concept-based Curriculum Masking (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Masked language modeling (MLM) has been widely used for pre-training effective bidirectional representations but comes at a substantial training cost. |
| Approach: | They propose a concept-based curriculum masking method that evaluates the MLM difficulty of each token based on a carefully-designed linguistic difficulty criterion. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly improves pre-training efficiency with the original BERT model at half the training cost. |
Connecting the Knowledge Dots: Retrieval-augmented Knowledge Connection for Commonsense Reasoning (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies show that large language models exhibit a limited understanding of commonsense reasoning due to the necessity of implicit knowledge that is rarely expressed in text. |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval-augmented knowledge connection framework that transforms indirectly relevant documents into a direct explanation to answer a given question. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) benchmarks and achieves +2.0% and +4.6% average accuracy on in-domain (ID) and out-of domain (OOD) benchmark. |
AutoAugment Is What You Need: Enhancing Rule-based Augmentation Methods in Low-resource Regimes (2024.eacl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for text data augmentation suffer from potential semantic damage due to the discrete nature of sentences. |
| Approach: | They propose to adapt AutoAugment to solve this problem by using softEDA to increase text data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can boost existing augmentation methods and enhance cutting-edge pretrained language models. |