Papers by Jiahao Cheng
GraphSynth: Resolving the Diversity-Reliability Trade-off with Probabilistic Factor Graphs (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models are a scaleable solution for the generation of synthetic data . however, the utility of such data is capped by a critical tension between diversity and factual reliability. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework which leverages a probabilistic factor graph modeling the universe of attributes. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art models with a high structural integrity and a boost in performance on downstream tasks. |
From Word to World: Can Large Language Models be Implicit Text-based World Models? (2026.acl-long)
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Yixia Li, Hongru Wang, Jiahao Qiu, Zhenfei Yin, Dongdong Zhang, Cheng Qian, Zeping Li, Xiaoteng Ma, Guanhua Chen, Heng Ji
| Challenge: | Agentic learning increasingly hinges on interaction, yet real-world experience is expensive, limited, and often irreversible at inference time. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that reframes language modeling as next-state prediction under interaction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework evaluates world models in text-based environments . it shows that sufficiently trained models capture coherent environment dynamics . |
Chain-of-Thought Prompting Obscures Hallucination Cues in Large Language Models: An Empirical Evaluation (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can mitigate hallucinations by encouraging step-by-step reasoning, but its impact on halluciation detection remains underexplored. |
| Approach: | They conduct an empirical evaluation of CoT prompting in Large Language Models (LLMs) to examine their impact on hallucination detection methods. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method significantly affects the internal states and token probability distributions of the LLM. |
On Weaponization-Resistant Large Language Models with Prospect Theoretic Alignment (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing safeguards for large language models are inadequate for open-weight models as minimal fine-tuning can bypass them. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that prioritizes maximizing generative utility rather than a singular optimization metric and integrates prospect theory into LLM training to strengthen LLMs against misuse and weaponization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework strengthens LLMs against misuse and weaponization while maintaining high performance even after extensive fine-tuning. |
MoRI: Learning Motivation-Grounded Reasoning for Scientific Ideation in Large Language Models (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing LLMs emulate human research workflows but lack scientific grounding . empirical results show that MoRI outperforms strong commercial LLM models . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that explicitly learns scientific reasoning from research motivations to methodologies. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms commercial LLMs and agentic baselines in novelty, technical rigor, and feasibility. |
M2PT: Multimodal Prompt Tuning for Zero-shot Instruction Learning (2024.emnlp-main)
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Taowen Wang, Yiyang Liu, James Liang, Junhan Zhao, Yiming Cui, Yuning Mao, Shaoliang Nie, Jiahao Liu, Fuli Feng, Zenglin Xu, Cheng Han, Lifu Huang, Qifan Wang, Dongfang Liu
| Challenge: | Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit remarkable performance across a wide range of domains. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal prompt tuning approach for efficient instruction tuning of MLLMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach shows superior performance on multimodal evaluation datasets compared to state-of-the-art methods. |
CircuitSynth: Reliable Synthetic Data Generation (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches lack mechanisms to balance linguistic expressivity with formal guarantees regarding validity and coverage. |
| Approach: | They propose a neuro-symbolic framework that decouples semantic reasoning from surface realization. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves 100% Schema Validity even in complex logic puzzles where unconstrained baselines fail (12.4%) while outperforming state-of-the-art methods in rare-combination coverage. |
VP-MEL: Visual Prompts Guided Multimodal Entity Linking (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for multimodal entity linking rely on mention words as retrieval cues, which limits their ability to effectively utilize information from both images and text. |
| Approach: | They propose a visual prompt-guided multimodal entity linking task for a text-image pair . they propose VPWiki to facilitate this task and a framework to capture latent information. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods on a VPWiki dataset. |
Experiential Co-Learning of Software-Developing Agents (2024.acl-long)
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Chen Qian, Yufan Dang, Jiahao Li, Wei Liu, Zihao Xie, YiFei Wang, Weize Chen, Cheng Yang, Xin Cong, Xiaoyin Che, Zhiyuan Liu, Maosong Sun
| Challenge: | Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have brought significant changes to various domains, especially through autonomous agents. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that lets agents learn shortcuts from their past tasks and use them for future task execution. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework enables agents to tackle unseen software-developing tasks more effectively. |
Rethinking the Video Sampling and Reasoning Strategies for Temporal Sentence Grounding (2022.findings-emnlp)
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Jiahao Zhu, Daizong Liu, Pan Zhou, Xing Di, Yu Cheng, Song Yang, Wenzheng Xu, Zichuan Xu, Yao Wan, Lichao Sun, Zeyu Xiong
| Challenge: | Existing methods for temporal sentence grounding ignore two crucial issues . 1) Boundary-bias: the video downsampling process may lose these two frames . 2) Reasoning-biases: such incorrect new boundary frames lead to the reasoning bias . |
| Approach: | They propose a siamese sampling mechanism to generate additional contextual frames . they use a reasoning strategy to learn the inter-relationship among these frames a . |
| Outcome: | Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of a new siamese sampling network on three challenging datasets. |
The Evolution of Thought: Tracking LLM Overthinking via Reasoning Dynamics Analysis (2026.acl-long)
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Zihao Wei, Liang Pang, Jiahao Liu, Wenjie Shi, Jingcheng Deng, Shicheng Xu, Zenghao Duan, Jingang Wang, Fei Sun, Huawei Shen, Xueqi Cheng
| Challenge: | Explicit reasoning trajectories increase performance but often trigger overthinking . despite its importance, this study examines how each step of reasoning affects the final outcome . |
| Approach: | They propose a Reasoning Completion Point Detector that detects the RCP by monitoring rank dynamics of termination tokens. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces token usage by up to 44% while preserving accuracy. |
Leveraging High-Resource English Corpora for Cross-lingual Domain Adaptation in Low-Resource Japanese Medicine via Continued Pre-training (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Kazuma Kobayashi, Zhen Wan, Fei Cheng, Yuma Tsuta, Xin Zhao, Junfeng Jiang, Jiahao Huang, Zhiyi Huang, Yusuke Oda, Rio Yokota, Yuki Arase, Daisuke Kawahara, Akiko Aizawa, Sadao Kurohashi
| Challenge: | low-resource language corpora in professional domains like medicine hinder cross-lingual domain adaptation of pre-trained large language models. |
| Approach: | They examine how linguistic features affect performance on a Japanese–English medical knowledge benchmark. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can leverage English-language resources in medical domains while ensuring sufficient coverage of language-specific expressions in a target language. |