| Challenge: | Named entity recognition (NER) is widely used in downstream tasks but most tools focus on flat mention structure over coarse schemas. |
| Approach: | They describe a fine-grained, nested named entity dataset over the Wall Street Journal portion of the Penn Treebank. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset comprises 279,795 mentions of 114 entity types with up to 6 layers of nesting. |
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Thai Nested Named Entity Recognition Corpus (2022.findings-acl)
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Weerayut Buaphet, Can Udomcharoenchaikit, Peerat Limkonchotiwat, Attapol Rutherford, Sarana Nutanong
| Challenge: | a new dataset for Named Entity Recognition (NER) is proposed for Thailand. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Thai N-NER to extract named entities from text . they propose to include a nested structure that can be used to improve NER . |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset is the largest non-English N-NER dataset and the first non- English one with fine-grained classes. |
Cross-Lingual Cross-Domain Nested Named Entity Evaluation on English Web Texts (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a key task in Natural Language Processing, but most existing work on NER ignores the recognition of nested entities. |
| Approach: | They propose to annotate five web domains for nested named entities on top of the English Web Treebank (EWT) . they propose to use the English web treebank to perform cross-domain evaluations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset covers five domains and includes transfer results from German and Danish. |
Learning Nested Named Entity Recognition from Flat Annotations (2026.eacl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Named entity recognition (NER) requires expensive multi-level annotation. |
| Approach: | They evaluate four approaches to learning nested structure from flat annotations alone . on NEREL, a Russian benchmark, they find the best method achieves 26.37% inner F1 . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method closes 40% of the gap to full nested supervision on a Russian benchmark with 29 entity types where 21% of entities are nest. |
Multi-grained Named Entity Recognition (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches treat Named Entity Recognition (NER) as a sequence labeling task. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for Multi-Grained Named Entity Recognition where multiple entities or entity mentions in a sentence could be non-overlapping or totally nested. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms current state-of-the-art frameworks by 4.4% in terms of the F1 score among nested/non-overlapping NER tasks. |
UkraiNER: A New Corpus and Annotation Scheme towards Comprehensive Entity Recognition (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Named entity recognition excludes nested, discontinuous, non-named entities in practice . despite attempts to broaden their coverage, the most restrictive variant of NER remains the default . |
| Approach: | They propose a new annotation scheme that offers higher comprehensiveness while preserving simplicity. |
| Outcome: | The proposed scheme offers higher comprehensiveness while preserving simplicity . it also includes an annotation tool to implement the scheme on the corpus UkraiNER . |
Simple Yet Powerful: An Overlooked Architecture for Nested Named Entity Recognition (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important task in Natural Language Processing that aims to identify text spans belonging to predefined categories. |
| Approach: | They propose to revisit the Multiple LSTM-CRF (MLC) model, a simple, overlooked, yet powerful approach based on training independent sequence labeling models for each entity type. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art results in the Chilean Waiting List corpus by including pre-trained language models. |
Exploring Nested Named Entity Recognition with Large Language Models: Methods, Challenges, and Insights (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Named entity recognition (NER) is a challenging task in natural language processing . nested NER requires sophisticated techniques to identify entities within entities . |
| Approach: | They investigate the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to nested NER . they find methodologies from previous work are less effective . |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods outperform BERT-based models in nested NER tasks . however, they do not outperformed the existing models on the GENIA dataset . |
Deep Exhaustive Model for Nested Named Entity Recognition (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Named entity recognition (NER) is a task of finding entities with specific semantic types such as Protein, Cell, and RNA in text. |
| Approach: | They propose a deep neural model for nested named entity recognition . they enumerate all possible regions or spans as potential entity mentions . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models on nested and flat NER . it achieves 77.1% and 78.4% respectively in terms of F-score, without external knowledge resources. |
NERetrieve: Dataset for Next Generation Named Entity Recognition and Retrieval (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a widely adopted NLP task . authors present three variants of NER task, with dataset to support them . |
| Approach: | They propose three variants of the NER task, together with a dataset to support them . they propose a move towards more fine-grained entities and zero-shot recognition . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model matches or surpasses existing models in NER tasks . the proposed model is based on a large, silver-annotated corpus of 4 million paragraphs . |
CleanCoNLL: A Nearly Noise-Free Named Entity Recognition Dataset (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing models achieve F1-scores comparable to or exceed noise level in CoNLL-03 . current models have significant annotation errors, incompleteness, and inconsistencies in the data . |
| Approach: | They propose to add a layer of entity linking annotation to the CoNLL-03 corpus to correct 7.0% of all labels. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach corrects 7.0% of all labels in the English CoNLL-03 dataset. |