Challenge: Existing sentiment detection methods are trained on sentiment-labeled monolingual text.
Approach: They propose a method for synthesizing labeled code-switched text from monolingual text.
Outcome: The proposed method improves sentiment labeling accuracy for three languages.

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Progressive Sentiment Analysis for Code-Switched Text Data (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Multilingual transformer language models are used in cross-lingual transfer learning for many NLP tasks such as text classification and named entity recognition.
Approach: They propose a framework that takes the distinction between resource-rich and low-resource language into account and progressively trains from resource-dominated to low-rsource samples.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods on low-resource languages and performs well on medium-resourced to high-res languages.
Towards Code-switched Classification Exploiting Constituent Language Resources (2020.aacl-srw)

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Challenge: Code-switching is a communicative phenomenon denoting a shift from one language to another within the same speech exchange.
Approach: They propose to convert code-switched data into its constituent high resource languages for use in both monolingual and cross-lingual settings.
Outcome: The proposed code-switching language can be used for multiple downstream tasks . the proposed language increases the F1 score by 22% and 42.5% compared to the state-of-the-art.
From Machine Translation to Code-Switching: Generating High-Quality Code-Switched Text (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: a computational model for code-switching text is lacking in the corpus of real text.
Approach: They propose a neural machine translation model to generate Hindi-English code-switched sentences using monolingual Hindi sentences.
Outcome: The proposed model reduces perplexity on a language modeling task and improves on linguistic inference tasks.
Offensive Content Detection via Synthetic Code-Switched Text (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods to detect offensive content in social media platforms are limited by the availability of labeled code-switched data.
Approach: They propose a method for generating synthetic code-switched offensive content data using human-generated data and a keyword classification baseline.
Outcome: The proposed algorithm can be used to generate synthetic code-switched offensive content data and train it on human-generated data.
Late Fusion of Transformers for Sentiment Analysis of Code-Switched Data (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Code-switching is a common phenomenon in multilingual communities . however, sentiment analysis of code-switch data is elusive and unexplored .
Approach: They propose to combine two transformers using logits of their output and feed them to a neural network for sentiment analysis.
Outcome: The proposed system achieves an F1 score of 73.66% for English-Hi and 61.24% for English . it outperforms the best model reported for the GLUECoS benchmark dataset.
Part-of-Speech Tagging for Code-Switched, Transliterated Texts without Explicit Language Identification (D18-1)

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Challenge: Code-switching is a challenge for NLP due to the lack of representative data for training models.
Approach: They propose a model that is trained exclusively on monolingual resources but can be applied to unseen code-switched text at inference time.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms standard models on Hindi-English part-of-speech tagging and on unannotated code-switched text with alternate scripts.
Cross-lingual Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis with Aspect Term Code-Switching (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies on Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) focus on English texts, but handling it in resource-poor languages remains a challenge.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised cross-lingual transfer method for the Aspect-based sentiment analysis task . they propose an aspect code-switching mechanism to augment training data with code-linked bilingual sentences .
Outcome: The proposed method preserves task-specific knowledge in the target language.
Word Embeddings for Code-Mixed Language Processing (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing bilingual word embedding techniques are not ideal for code-mixed text processing and there is a need for learning multilingual word embeds from code-mixed texts.
Approach: They propose to use bilingual word embedding techniques to train skip-grams on synthetic code-mixed text generated through linguistic models of code- mixing to perform two tasks.
Outcome: The proposed embedding technique performs better on semantic and syntactic tasks than the existing embeddable techniques on sentiment analysis and POS tagging tasks.
Detecting Propaganda Techniques in Code-Switched Social Media Text (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: a new study aims to detect propaganda in multiple languages using code-switching . social media platforms have made it easier for anyone to spread information to a wide audience .
Approach: They propose to detect propaganda techniques in code-switched texts using a corpus of 1,030 texts . they propose to model multilinguality directly rather than using translation .
Outcome: The proposed method combines different languages within the same text, presenting a challenge for automatic systems.
Switch Point biased Self-Training: Re-purposing Pretrained Models for Code-Switching (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Code-switching (CS) is a phenomenon of switching between multiple languages . current models cannot handle CS due to lack of annotated data and limited resources.
Approach: They propose a self-training method to repurpose existing models using a switch-point bias by leveraging unannotated data to reduce the gap between the switch point performance and retain overall performance on two distinct language pairs.
Outcome: The proposed model reduces the gap between the switch point performance while retaining the overall performance on two distinct language pairs.

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