Challenge: a computational model for code-switching text is lacking in the corpus of real text.
Approach: They propose a neural machine translation model to generate Hindi-English code-switched sentences using monolingual Hindi sentences.
Outcome: The proposed model reduces perplexity on a language modeling task and improves on linguistic inference tasks.

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Code-switched Language Models Using Dual RNNs and Same-Source Pretraining (D18-1)

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Challenge: Using recurrent neural networks to build language models for code-switched text is an important problem with implications to downstream applications such as speech recognition and machine translation.
Approach: They propose a novel recurrent neural network unit with dual components that focus on each language in the code-switched text separately and a generative model estimated using the training data.
Outcome: The proposed techniques yield significant reductions in perplexity on Mandarin-English task and improve on baseline models.
A Semi-supervised Approach to Generate the Code-Mixed Text using Pre-trained Encoder and Transfer Learning (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods to train neural network-based models for code-mixing are limited due to language specificity of code-mixed text.
Approach: They propose a deep learning approach to generate code-mixed text from English to multiple languages without any parallel data.
Outcome: The proposed approach generates a code-mixed text from English to multiple languages without any parallel data.
CoCoa: An Encoder-Decoder Model for Controllable Code-switched Generation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Generating code-switched text with fine-grained control on the degree of code-witching and the lexical choices used to convey formality has been well-explored.
Approach: They propose to generate code-switched text with fine-grained control on the degree of code-changing and lexical choices used to convey formality.
Outcome: The proposed model can be invoked at test-time to synthesize code-switched text faithful to syntactic and lexical attributes relevant to code-witching.
Exploring Enhanced Code-Switched Noising for Pretraining in Neural Machine Translation (2023.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Multilingual pretraining approaches to denoise synthetic code-switched data have shown that they generate the noise using non-contextual, one-to-one word translations obtained from lexicons.
Approach: They propose an approach where contextual, many-to-many word translations are generated using a ‘base’ NMT model.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves on 3 different language families and shows that small models can perform better than massive models like mBART50 and mRASP2 .
Code-Mixed Probes Show How Pre-Trained Models Generalise on Code-Switched Text (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Code-switching is a prevalent linguistic phenomenon in which multilingual individuals seamlessly alternate between languages.
Approach: They propose to use pre-trained language models to generalise to code-switched text . they use a dataset of well-formed naturalistic code-witched texts and parallel translations into the source languages to examine their results.
Outcome: The proposed model generalises to code-switched text, shedding light on their ability to generalise representations to CS corpora.
LLM-based Code-Switched Text Generation for Grammatical Error Correction (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Code-switching (CSW) is a part of multilingual conversation and is gaining popularity in social and professional settings.
Approach: They propose to use synthetic data to generate a model capable of correcting grammatical errors in CSW texts.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on existing systems on an authentic dataset from English as a second language learners.
Data Augmentation Techniques for Machine Translation of Code-Switched Texts: A Comparative Study (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Code-switching (CSW) text generation is a popular solution to address data scarcity.
Approach: They compare linguistic theories, lexical replacements and back-translation approaches to Egyptian Arabic-English CSW.
Outcome: The proposed methods perform best on machine translation and quality evaluation.
Code-Switched Text Synthesis in Unseen Language Pairs (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing efforts on text synthesis for code-switching require training on code-witched texts in the target language pairs.
Approach: They propose a model that synthesizes code-switched texts for language pairs absent from training data by adding an additional code-sharing module to a pre-trained machine translation model.
Outcome: The proposed model synthesizes code-switched texts for language pairs lacking from training data.
Universal Dependency Parsing for Hindi-English Code-Switching (N18-1)

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Challenge: Code-switching data often need additional processes such as language identification, normalization and/or back-transliteration to be processed.
Approach: They propose a neural stacking model that leverages part-of-speech tags and syntactic tree annotations in tweets to parse code-switching data.
Outcome: The proposed model is 1.5% better than the augmented model and 3.8% better than one which uses first-best normalization and/or back-transliteration.
Automatic and Human-AI Interactive Text Generation (with a focus on Text Simplification and Revision) (2024.acl-tutorials)

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Challenge: In this tutorial, we focus on text-to-text generation, a class of natural language generation tasks, that takes a piece of text as input and then generates a revision that is improved according to some specific criteria.
Approach: This tutorial focuses on text-to-text generation, a class of natural language generation tasks that takes a piece of text as input and generates a revision that is improved according to some specific criteria.
Outcome: This tutorial focuses on text-to-text generation, a class of natural language generation tasks, that takes a piece of text as input and generates a revision that is improved according to some specificcriteria.

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