Subword Regularization: Improving Neural Network Translation Models with Multiple Subword Candidates (P18-1)
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| Challenge: | Subword units are an effective way to alleviate the open vocabulary problems in neural machine translation. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to regularize subword segmentations probabilistically by sampling subwords . they also propose 'unigram' language model to be used for better subword sampling . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on low resource and out-of-domain settings with multiple corpora. |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for segmenting words into subword units are not robust enough to handle multiple subword candidates. |
| Approach: | They propose to regularize subword segmentations that maximize the translation loss by using gradient signals during training to prevent erroneous segmentations of unseen words. |
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Single Model Ensemble for Subword Regularized Models in Low-Resource Machine Translation (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing subword regularizations use multiple segmentations during training but only use one segmentation in inference. |
| Approach: | They propose an inference strategy that uses multiple subword segmentations to solve this discrepancy in the training process and inference. |
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Improving Neural Machine Translation by Incorporating Hierarchical Subword Features (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Using subwords, we find that the appropriate subword units for the three layers differ depending on the model . incorporating hierarchical subword features improves BLEU scores on the IWSLT evaluation datasets. |
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BERTSeg: BERT Based Unsupervised Subword Segmentation for Neural Machine Translation (2022.aacl-short)
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| Challenge: | Existing subword segmenters are frequency-based without semantics information or neural-based but trained on parallel corpora. |
| Approach: | They propose an unsupervised neural subword segmenter for neural machine translation that utilizes contextualized semantic embeddings of words from characterBERT and maximizes the generation probability of subword segments. |
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Bilingual Subword Segmentation for Neural Machine Translation (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing subword segmentation methods tokenize sentences without considering translation . proposed method could be more favorable to machine translation if it uses bilingual sentences . |
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When is Char Better Than Subword: A Systematic Study of Segmentation Algorithms for Neural Machine Translation (2021.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Subword segmentation algorithms can produce sub-optimal segmentation when the target language is rich in morphological changes or there is not enough data for learning compact composition rules. |
| Approach: | They compare character-based and subword-based neural machine translation systems . they find character-driven models are better at handling morphological phenomena . |
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| Challenge: | Neural Machine Translation models typically use a fixed-size lexical vocabulary . subword segmentation methods rely on statistical heuristics that lack any linguistic notion . |
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Probabilistic Bilingual Subword Segmentation with Latent Subword Alignment (2026.eacl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods do not consider parallel relationships, preventing translation model training. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for learning subword correspondences in parallel sentence pairs using the EM algorithm. |
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Bridging the Gap between Training and Inference for Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Neural Machine Translation generates target words sequentially while at inference it has to generate the entire sequence from scratch. |
| Approach: | They propose to use ground truth and inference to generate target words sequentially while at inference it has to generate the entire sequence from scratch. |
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Subword Segmental Machine Translation: Unifying Segmentation and Target Sentence Generation (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Subword segmenters are used in neural machine translation, but are not used in high-resource settings. |
| Approach: | They propose a subword segmental machine translation (SSMT) that unifies subword and MT in a single trainable model. |
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