Challenge: In this paper, we propose a new approach to employ the fixed-size ordinally-forgetting encoding (FOFE) in neural languages modelling, called dual-FOFE.
Approach: They propose a new approach to employ the fixed-size ordinally-forgetting encoding (FOFE) in neural languages modelling, called dual-FOFE.
Outcome: The proposed method significantly reduces the complexity and improves perplexity by 10% over the original FOFE model.

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Challenge: Existing algorithms to unlearn knowledge and capabilities from large datasets are unclear how to best formulate the unlearning problem.
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RECALL: REpresentation-aligned Catastrophic-forgetting ALLeviation via Hierarchical Model Merging (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing models that require task labels or performance trade-offs are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting.
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Code-switched Language Models Using Dual RNNs and Same-Source Pretraining (D18-1)

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Challenge: Using recurrent neural networks to build language models for code-switched text is an important problem with implications to downstream applications such as speech recognition and machine translation.
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Encoding and Decoding Language in the Brain with Language Models (2026.eacl-tutorials)

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Challenge: This tutorial introduces brain-language model alignment and recent advances in brain-informed fine-tuning and brain-based fine-caching with language models.
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Challenge: Recent state-of-the-art models use word embeddings as input and output mappings instead of tied models.
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Modeling LLM Unlearning as an Asymmetric Two-Task Learning Problem (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are inherently dual-use and can be leveraged for both beneficial and harmful purposes.
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Locate-then-Merge: Neuron-Level Parameter Fusion for Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Multimodal LLMs (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Multimodal instruction tuning often causes catastrophic forgetting of the base LLM’s language ability, even in strong models like Llama3.
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An Embarrassingly Simple Approach for Transfer Learning from Pretrained Language Models (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing transfer learning methods employ language models pretrained on large generic corpora, but results come at a high computational cost and require task-specific architectures.
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Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Language Transfer via Model Merging (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large language models have shown remarkable capabilities, particularly in English, but for less prevalent languages, performance can be significantly lower, making additional adaptation paramount.
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Decoding with Limited Teacher Supervision Requires Understanding When to Trust the Teacher (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their tremendous capability to generate human-like text sentences that convey rich knowledge in various problem domains.
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