Challenge: Existing studies in text-to-SQL do not require generating complex SQL queries with multiple clauses or sub-queries.
Approach: They propose a syntax tree network to address the complex text-to-SQL generation task.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the current state-of-the-art model by 9.5% on a large text-to-SQL corpus.

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Graph Enhanced Cross-Domain Text-to-SQL Generation (D19-53)

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Challenge: Existing deep learning approaches for semantic parsing do not generalize to unseen data sets . existing benchmarks have shown text-to-SQL parsers do not generally perform well to unsen SQL queries.
Approach: They propose a new cross-domain learning scheme to perform text-to-SQL translation . they demonstrate its use on a large-scale cross- domain text- to-Sql data set Spider .
Outcome: The proposed learning scheme improves on a large-scale text-to-SQL data set.
Clause-Wise and Recursive Decoding for Complex and Cross-Domain Text-to-SQL Generation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing deep learning approaches for text-to-SQL generation are limited to the WikiSQl dataset . a novel clause-wise decoding neural network model can be used to generate complex queries over multiple databases .
Approach: They propose a SQL clause-wise decoding neural architecture with a schema encoder to address the Spider task.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves 4.6% accuracy gain on the Spider dataset and 9.8% accuracy gain in test and dev sets.
Towards Complex Text-to-SQL in Cross-Domain Database with Intermediate Representation (P19-1)

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Challenge: IRNet synthesizes SQL queries in an end-to-end manner, but it yields unsatisfactory performance on public benchmarks.
Approach: They propose a neural approach called IRNet for complex and cross-domain Text-to-SQL.
Outcome: IRNet achieves 46.7% accuracy on the Spider benchmark, a 19.5% improvement over state-of-the-art approaches.
DuoRAT: Towards Simpler Text-to-SQL Models (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Recent text-to-SQL models can translate natural language questions to corresponding SQL queries on unseen databases.
Approach: They propose a re-implementation of the RAT-SQL model that uses only relation-aware or vanilla transformers as the building blocks.
Outcome: The proposed model is based on the spider dataset and shows it can be used on large databases without human intervention.
Spider: A Large-Scale Human-Labeled Dataset for Complex and Cross-Domain Semantic Parsing and Text-to-SQL Task (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing datasets for semantic parsing are too small in terms of number of programs for training modern data-intensive models.
Approach: They propose a large-scale complex and cross-domain semantic parsing task for a database . they use a dataset with 10,181 questions and 5,693 unique complex SQL queries .
Outcome: The proposed task is different from previous tasks because it uses the same database and program . the best model achieves only 9.7% exact matching accuracy on a database split setting.
Knowledge Base Construction for Knowledge-Augmented Text-to-SQL (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to translate natural language queries into SQL statements are limited in their parametric knowledge of the database schemas.
Approach: They propose to construct a knowledge base for text-to-SQL, a foundational source of knowledge, from which we retrieve and generate the necessary knowledge for given queries.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms baselines on multiple text-to-SQL datasets and shows that it is practical and reliable.
A Review of Cross-Domain Text-to-SQL Models (2020.aacl-srw)

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Challenge: WikiSQL and Spider are cross-domain text-to-SQl datasets that have attracted much attention from the research community.
Approach: They propose to divide top models into two paradigms and evaluate their models for schema linking, pretrained word embeddings, reasoning assistance modules.
Outcome: The proposed models have over 90% execution accuracy, the authors show . the proposed models are more complex and more complex than the proposed ones .
Semantic Parsing with Syntax- and Table-Aware SQL Generation (P18-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches generate a SQL query word-by-word but results are incorrect or not executable due to mismatch between question words and table contents.
Approach: They propose a generative model to map natural language questions into SQL queries.
Outcome: The proposed model significantly improves state-of-the-art execution accuracy from 69.0% to 74.4% on a large question- SQL dataset.
SQL-to-Text Generation with Graph-to-Sequence Model (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to generate SQL-to-text using seq2seq models do not capture graph-structured information in SQL query.
Approach: They propose a graph-to-sequence model to encode global structure information into node embeddings.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the Seq2Seq and Tree2Sq baselines on the WikiSQL and Stackoverflow datasets.
Bridging the Generalization Gap in Text-to-SQL Parsing with Schema Expansion (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing text-to-SQL parsers struggle with out-of-domain generalization problems, arguing that they lack the ability to match domain specific phrases to composite operations over columns.
Approach: They propose to use a synthetic dataset and a re-purposed train/test split to quantify out-of-domain generalization over column operations to address this problem.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baseline parsers on the domain generalization problem, while boosting the underlying parser’ overall performance by 13.8% relative accuracy gain (5.1% absolute).

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