Challenge: Low-resource languages lack manual annotated data to learn basic models such as part-of-speech (POS) taggers.
Approach: They propose a cross-lingual neural part-of-speech tagger that learns from disparate sources of distant supervision in a uniform framework.
Outcome: The proposed model scales to hundreds of low-resource languages without access to gold annotated data.

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Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Part-of-Speech Tagging for Truly Low-Resource Scenarios (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: a limited set of translations into one or more high-resource languages are available for POS tagging . a bi-LSTM architecture that uses contextualized word embeddings improves performance .
Approach: They propose an unsupervised cross-lingual transfer approach for part-of-speech tagging . they use the Bible as parallel data to learn POS taggers for target languages .
Outcome: The proposed approach improves accuracy on 12 diverse languages . the Bible is used as a parallel corpus for the study .
Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Representation Learning (P19-4)

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Challenge: a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge weakly-supervised and unsupervised cross-lingual word representations is presented .
Approach: This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of recent work on weakly-supervised and unsupervised cross-lingual word representations.
Outcome: This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge weakly-supervised and unsupervised word representations.
Transfer Learning and Distant Supervision for Multilingual Transformer Models: A Study on African Languages (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent studies show that results from high-resource languages cannot be easily transferred to realistic, low-resourced scenarios.
Approach: They analyse performance of multilingual transformer models using available resources for Hausa, isiXhosa and NER and topic classification.
Outcome: The proposed models can achieve with as little as 10 or 100 labeled sentences the same performance as baselines with much more supervised training data.
Cross-lingual Multi-Level Adversarial Transfer to Enhance Low-Resource Name Tagging (N19-1)

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Challenge: Low-resource language name tagging is an important but challenging task.
Approach: They propose a neural architecture that leverages multi-level adversarial transfer to improve name tagging for low-resource languages.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms previous approaches on CoNLL data sets.
A Grounded Unsupervised Universal Part-of-Speech Tagger for Low-Resource Languages (N19-1)

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Challenge: Unsupervised part of speech (POS) tagging is often framed as a clustering problem, but taggers need to ground their clusters as well.
Approach: They propose an approach for low-resource unsupervised part of speech (POS) tagging that yields fully grounded output and requires no labeled training data.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves reasonable performance across languages, including Sinhalese and Kinyarwanda, with no labeled training data.
A Survey on Recent Approaches for Natural Language Processing in Low-Resource Scenarios (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: a growing body of work is focused on improving performance in low-resource settings . a goal of this study is to explain how these methods differ in their requirements .
Approach: They propose to analyze data-lean scenarios across different dimensions of data availability to understand which approaches are effective in a specific low-resource setting.
Outcome: The proposed methods enable learning when training data is sparse.
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Deep Learning Approaches for Low-Resource NLP (DeepLo 2019) (D19-61)

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Challenge: EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019 Workshop on Deep Learning Approaches for Low-Resource Natural Language Processing takes place in Hong Kong, China .
Approach: EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019 Workshop on Deep Learning Approaches for Low-Resource Natural Language Processing takes place in Hong Kong, China . call for papers for this second workshop met with a strong response .
Outcome: the EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019 workshop on deep learning approaches for low-resource natural language processing takes place in Hong Kong, China.
Low-resource Cross-lingual Event Type Detection via Distant Supervision with Minimal Effort (C18-1)

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Challenge: Currently, few or no language processing tools or resources exist for most languages . a problem is that there is not enough available training data even in resource-rich languages if the task is complex.
Approach: They propose to use a bilingual dictionary to train machine learning in a resource-poor language . they also explore adversarial training of bilingual word representations .
Outcome: The proposed approach gives similar performance in event-type detection tasks.
Toward a Lightweight Solution for Less-resourced Languages: Creating a POS Tagger for Alsatian Using Voluntary Crowdsourcing (L18-1)

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Challenge: Using a crowdsourcing platform, we collected 18,917 annotations for a less-resourced French regional language, Alsatian.
Approach: They developed a platform that allows people to gather part-of-speech annotations on a variety of corpora and train a first tagger specific to Alsatian.
Outcome: The proposed method is valid for Alsatian and can be adapted to other languages.
Distantly Supervised Contrastive Learning for Low-Resource Scripting Language Summarization (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for code summarization are limited in resources and require atomic commands and category constraints to enhance code representations.
Approach: They propose a framework that leverages limited atomic commands and category constraints to enhance code representations.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods in a number of domains and demonstrates superiority over competing frameworks.

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