Challenge: Existing models for conversation systems operate sentences at word-level . word-based models suffer from Unknown Words Issue and Preference Issue .
Approach: They propose a hybrid-level Encoder-Decoder model which utilizes word-level features and character-level ones.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms non-word-level models in automatic metrics and human annotations on a Chinese corpus.

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Challenge: Neural conversation generation models can't perceive and express the intention effectively, causing dull and generic responses.
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Exemplar Encoder-Decoder for Neural Conversation Generation (P18-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to generate conversational systems suffer from lack of diversity in responses and generation of short, repetitive and uninteresting responses.
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Challenge: Neural encoder-decoder models tend to generate meaningless and generic responses regardless of what the input text is.
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Encoder-Decoder Models Can Benefit from Pre-trained Masked Language Models in Grammatical Error Correction (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for incorporating a masked language model into an EncDec model have potential drawbacks when applied to GEC.
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RECAP: Retrieval-Enhanced Context-Aware Prefix Encoder for Personalized Dialogue Response Generation (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to personalized dialogue generation rely on dialogue data paired with user traits, profiles or persona description sentences.
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Challenge: aims to benchmark recent progress in language understanding models that output contextualised representations at the character level.
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On the Multilingual Ability of Decoder-based Pre-trained Language Models: Finding and Controlling Language-Specific Neurons (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing decoder-based pre-trained language models demonstrate excellent multilingual capabilities, but it is unclear how they handle multilingualism.
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A Simple and Effective Unified Encoder for Document-Level Machine Translation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for document-level machine translation use two separate encoders to model the source sentences and document- level contexts.
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Character-Level Translation with Self-attention (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for character-level neural machine translation operate on word-level, which makes them memory inefficient because of large vocabulary sizes.
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An Investigation of Suitability of Pre-Trained Language Models for Dialogue Generation – Avoiding Discrepancies (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models have been widely used in open-domain dialogue generation.
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