Challenge: Existing OCR-free approaches to document visual question answering are brittle and passive.
Approach: They propose an OCR-free agentic framework that casts multi-page DocVQA as sequential evidence aggregation.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms open-source and proprietary models in five benchmarks and improves out-of-domain performance by 47.9% over baseline.

Similar Papers

SimpleDoc: Multi‐Modal Document Understanding with Dual‐Cue Page Retrieval and Iterative Refinement (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) is a task to answer questions based on documents containing text, tables, and images.
Approach: They propose a lightweight retrieval framework that uses visual language models to embed and retrieve relevant pages as images and generate answers with VLMs that can accept an image as input.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines by 3.2% on average on 4 DocVQA datasets with much fewer pages retrieved.
DocLens: A Tool-Augmented Multi-Agent Framework for Long Visual Document Understanding (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to localizing evidence from long visual documents fail on a fundamental challenge: evidence localization.
Approach: They propose a tool-augmented multi-agent framework that “zooms in” on evidence like a lens.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on MMLongBench-Doc and FinRAGBench-V, surpassing even human experts.
DocAgent: An Agentic Framework for Multi-Modal Long-Context Document Understanding (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to document understanding are limited due to limited context length or fail to fully leverage multi-modal information.
Approach: They propose a multi-agent framework for long-context document understanding that imitates human reading practice.
Outcome: The proposed framework surpasses human-level benchmarks on long-context document understanding while maintaining a short context length.
SlideAgent: Hierarchical Agentic Framework for Multi-Page Visual Document Understanding (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are a promising tool for document understanding, but they are not able to handle complex multi-page visual documents.
Approach: They propose a flexible agentic framework for understanding multi-modal, multi-page, and multi-layout documents . SlideAgent employs specialized agents and decomposes reasoning into three specialized levels .
Outcome: a new agentic framework improves accuracy over open-source and proprietary models . it decomposes reasoning into three levels to capture themes and visual cues . the framework is based on a multimodal large language model and a MLLM .
SCoPE VLM: Selective Context Processing for Efficient Document Navigation in Vision-Language Models (2026.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for document understanding are memory-intensive and impractical for local deployments.
Approach: They propose a document navigation expert that leverages a Chain of Scroll mechanism to selectively and recursively navigate documents, focusing exclusively on relevant segments.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces memory usage and effectively models human-like reading behaviors.
LAD-RAG: Layout-aware Dynamic RAG for Visually-Rich Document Understanding (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Conventional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods encode content in isolated chunks during ingestion, losing structural and cross-page dependencies, and retrieve a fixed number of pages at inference.
Approach: They propose a Layout-Aware Dynamic RAG framework that encodes content in isolated chunks during ingestion and retrieves a fixed number of pages at inference.
Outcome: Experiments on MMLongBench-Doc, LongDocURL, DUDE, and MP-DoxVQA show that LAD-RAG improves retrieval, achieving over 90% perfect recall on average without any top-k tuning, and outperforming baseline retrievers by up to 20% in recall at comparable noise levels.
MAGIC-VQA: Multimodal And Grounded Inference with Commonsense Knowledge for Visual Question Answering (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) lack integrated commonsense knowledge . lack of integrated common knowledge limits their robustness and accuracy in VQA .
Approach: They propose a framework to enhance multimodal inference by integrating commonsense reasoning.
Outcome: MAGIC-VQA improves comprehensive benchmark datasets, surpassing existing models in tasks requiring advanced commonsense reasoning.
Ground Then Rank: Revisiting Knowledge-Based VQA with Training-Free Entity Identification (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing multi-modal retrieval augmented generation (MM-RAG) methods tightly couple entity discrimination and section-level evidence ranking into a single re-ranking stage, leading to high cost and limited generalization.
Approach: They propose a framework that decouples entity identification from section-level re-ranking.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms fine-tuned multi-modal re-ranking baselines while reducing training and inference complexity.
MoLoRAG: Bootstrapping Document Understanding via Multi-modal Logic-aware Retrieval (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Document Understanding is a foundational AI capability with broad applications . Large Vision-Language Models (LLMs) can't handle multi-page document comprehension . a logic-aware retrieval framework for multi-modal, multi- page document understanding is proposed .
Approach: They propose a logic-aware retrieval framework for multi-modal, multi-page document understanding . MoLoRAG uses semantic and logical relevance to deliver more accurate retrieval .
Outcome: The proposed framework improves on four DocQA datasets and demonstrates 9.68% accuracy improvement over existing methods.
A Survey on MLLM-based Visually Rich Document Understanding: Methods, Challenges, and Emerging Trends (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Visually Rich Document Understanding (VRDU) frameworks are a key area of research . early approaches to VRDU relied on manually crafted rules and domain-specific heuristics . conventional deep learning approaches do not integrate the diverse modalities in documents .
Approach: They review recent advances in MLLM-based Visually Rich Document Understanding (VRDU) their findings highlight emerging trends and promising research directions .
Outcome: The proposed frameworks are scalable, reliable, and adaptable, the authors argue . their findings highlight emerging trends and promising research directions .

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